BINA

The ability to remotely extract temperature from a specific location using back scattered light analysis is very applicable. In this paper we present the first step towards remote sensing of temperature by using several approaches based upon conventional neural network analysis of the back scattered speckle patterns, analysis of the speckle patterns decorrelation time constant and Photoplethysmogram measurements.

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Amidst the current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, improved diagnostic tools are of vital importance. Low-Frequency Raman (LFR) Spectroscopy provides a robust theoretical scientific basis for eventual development of a non-invasive Diagnostic Tool for specimens or patients directly. This preliminary research will begin mapping the nanostructure of COVID-19 via LFR and regular Raman Spectroscopy, in comparison with different Coronaviruses and other viral materials, helping to lay a groundwork for future research. In addition to its distinct nanostructure, effects on it by thermal fluctuations or decomposition, decay under laser excitation, and interference from buffers will be examined.

Pickup spectroscopy is a means of determining the abundance, mass, charge, and lifetime of ions oscillating in electrostatic ion beam traps. Here, we present a framework for describing the harmonic height distribution of the Fourier transform of the pickup signal and discuss the importance of the pickup positioning, bunch dynamics, and pickup width on the harmonic height distribution. We demonstrate the methodology using measurements from a newly constructed electrostatic ion beam trap.

While classical liquid droplets are rounded, transitions have recently been discovered which render polyhedral water-suspended droplets of several oils. Yet, the mechanism of these transitions and the role of the droplets’ interfacial curvature in inducing these transitions remain controversial. In particular, one of the two mechanisms suggested mandates a convex interface, in a view from the oil side. Here we show that oil-suspended water droplets can spontaneously assume polyhedral shapes, in spite of their concave interface. These results strongly support the alternative mechanism, where the faceting in both oil and water droplets is driven by the elasticity of a crystalline monolayer, known to self-assemble at the oil–water interface, independent of its curvature. The faceting transitions in the water droplets allow the fundamental elastic properties of two-dimensional matter to be probed, enable new strategies in …

The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary. org.

We demonstrate experimentally the ability to use a single pixel detector for two-dimensional high-speed and high-resolution x-ray imaging. We image the rotation of a spinning chopper at 100-kHz at spatial resolution of about 15 microns by using the computational ghost imaging approach. The technique we develop can be used for the imaging of high-speed periodic dynamics or periodically stimulated effects with a large field of view and at low dose.

The entanglement negativity for spinless fermions in a strongly disordered 1D Anderson model is studied. For two close regions, the negativity is log‐normally distributed, and is suppressed by repulsive interactions. With increasing distance between the regions, the typical negativity decays, but there remains a peak in the distribution, also at high values, representing highly entangled distant regions. For intermediate distances, in the noninteracting case, two distinct peaks are observed. As a function of interaction strength, the two peaks merge into each other. The abundance and nature of these entangled regions is studied. The relation to resonances between single‐particle eigenstates is demonstrated. Thus, although the system is strongly disordered, it is nevertheless possible to encounter two far‐away regions which are entangled.

This JES focus issue is devoted to a very broad range of topics related to battery research, including various families of novel electrolytes and innovative electrodes materials, the development of metal/electrolyte interfaces, and groundbreaking cell designs and chemistries. Following the AiMES 2018 Meeting (A02 symposium), this special issue is dedicated to the work of one of the world leaders of the battery community Dr. Michel Armand, Emeritus Researcher at French CNRS, and presently working at CIC-Energigune in Spain and at Deakin University in Australia. During his career Michel Armand has led the community with outstanding and inspiring contributions to the field of battery electrochemistry with major industrial applications. Dr. Armand has impressively pioneered numerous theoretical concepts and practical applications in the field of energy-related electrochemistry. He ushered the concept of …

It is our pleasure to present a focus issue on Heterogeneous Functional Materials (HeteroFoaMs), which are pervasive in electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage. These devices consist of multiple materials combined at multiple scales (from atomic to macro) that actively interact during their functional history in a manner that controls their collective performance as a system at the global level. The principal motivation for this special issue will be to provide a forum to discuss the science that controls emergent properties in heterogeneous functional materials as a foundation for design of functional material devices with performance not bounded by constituent properties. In response to this need, Symposium I05 Heterogeneous

Lacking a drug or vaccine, the current strategy to contain the COVID-19 pandemic is by means of social distancing, specifically mobility restrictions and lock-downs. Such measures impose a hurtful toll on the economy, and are difficult to sustain for extended periods. The challenge is that selective isolation of the symptomatic patients is insufficient to control SARS-CoV-2, due to its relatively long incubation period, in which individuals experience no symptoms, but may already contribute to the spread. How then do we isolate these\textit {invisible} pre-symptomatic spreaders? Here we propose an alternating quarantine strategy, in which at every instance, half of the population remains under lock-down while the other half continues to be active, maintaining a routine of weekly succession between activity and quarantine. Under this regime, if an individual was exposed during their active week, by the time they complete …

We present a novel method for aqueous effective disaggregation, dispersion, and stabilization of detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) that also allows easy further second-step nanodiamond (ND) functionalization/surface engineering through lanthanide-based coordination chemistry. This method includes ultrasonic irradiation of NDs in the presence of a strong mono-electronic ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN, [Ce(IV)(NH4)2(NO3)6]) oxidant. The resulting CAN-treated NDs are positively charged with lanthanide [CeLn]3/4+ complexes/cations, enabling an anti-aggregation effect together with the ability to be further surface-modified through [CeLn]3/4+ ligand exchange (lanthanide coordinative chemistry). Therefore, this method produces ~10 nm-sized CAN-modified nanoparticles (NDs-CAN NPs) that are highly positively charged (ξ potential maximal value: +45.7 mV & average zeta potential: +34.6 mV). The obtained …

Two crystalline and five amorphous benzimidazole polymers (BINP) were synthesized and conjugated to porous silica via amine and aldehyde-based materials by a simple reflux procedure. The resulting polymers were subject to thermal analysis for monitoring and quantification of the adsorption and desorption of CO2. All the polymers were capable of adsorbing CO2 from a flowing stream of only 80 mL/min at 25 °C. The adsorbed CO2 onto the polymers were effectively desorbed at room temperature, illustrating the potential application of such polymers for repeated adsorption/desorption of CO2. The CO2 adsorption capacities of these polymers were dependent upon their nitrogen content, specific surface area, and pore size. The available nitrogen atoms for binding to the carbon of CO2 via tetrel bonds also plays an important role in the capture of this gas. Minimal and much lower CO2 adsorption was also noted …

The entanglement negativity for spinless fermions in a strongly disordered 1D Anderson model is studied. For two close regions, the negativity is log‐normally distributed, and is suppressed by repulsive interactions. With increasing distance between the regions, the typical negativity decays, but there remains a peak in the distribution, also at high values, representing highly entangled distant regions. For intermediate distances, in the noninteracting case, two distinct peaks are observed. As a function of interaction strength, the two peaks merge into each other. The abundance and nature of these entangled regions is studied. The relation to resonances between single‐particle eigenstates is demonstrated. Thus, although the system is strongly disordered, it is nevertheless possible to encounter two far‐away regions which are entangled.

Pt3Ni stands as one of the most active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The activity varies with the morphology of the nanocrystals with a high activity observed for the octahedral shape where only the high density {111} crystallographic planes are exposed. Herein, the synthesis of 6 nm Pt3Ni octahedral nanocrystals with a Pt enriched shell or cuboctahedral nanocrystals with a Ni enriched shell is described. Interestingly, the cuboctahedral nanocrystals display a six‐pointed star/skeleton of platinum, which features a very uncommon atomic distribution. In the synthesis, a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure induces the transition from octahedral to cuboctahedral morphology. The octahedral and cuboctahedral nanocrystals both demonstrate high ORR activity (1.1 mA cm−2Pt and 1.2 A mg−1Pt at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are the highest values obtained for PtNi‐20 and …

The results of measurements of the Raman spectra in the same group of monolayer graphene samples, successively subjected to irradiation with different ions, prolonged aging, and annealing under different conditions, are considered. Changes in the position, width, and intensity of the Raman lines are analyzed in the study of the following problems: comparison of the results of irradiation with various ions, the influence of prolonged aging on the spectra of irradiated samples, the mechanism of broadening of Raman scattering lines caused by an increase in the density of radiation defects, the consequences of annealing of radiation damages in vacuum and in the atmosphere of the forming gas, the contribution of doping and lattice deformation to the shift of the position of the Raman lines after annealing. The results obtained made it possible to determine the level of stability of defects introduced by radiation, to reveal the possibility of restoring the damaged lattice using annealing. Since the results relate to graphene deposited on a widely used SiO2/Si substrate, they may be of interest when using ion irradiation to change the properties of graphene in appropriate devices.

Photoacoustic tomography is a new, rising imaging technique since it combines high penetration depth with good image contrast. Speckle-analysis represents an attractive, non-contact alternative to contact-based ultrasound transducers which are state of the art for photoacoustic tomography. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that the speckle-sensing technique is in theory capable of photoacoustic image reconstruction by measuring on several surface locations after photoacoustic excitation. Therefore, a simulative model is used to test a back-reconstruction algorithm and a first feasibility experiment is shown.

From its seemingly non-intuitive and puzzling nature, most evident in numerous EPR-like gedanken experiments to its almost ubiquitous presence in quantum technologies, entanglement is at the heart of modern quantum physics. First introduced by Erwin Schrödinger nearly a century ago, entanglement has remained one of the most fascinating ideas that came out of quantum mechanics. Here, we attempt to explain what makes entanglement fundamentally different from any classical phenomenon. To this end, we start with a historical overview of entanglement and discuss several hidden variables models that were conceived to provide a classical explanation and demystify quantum entanglement. We discuss some inequalities and bounds that are violated by quantum states thereby falsifying the existence of some of the classical hidden variables theories. We also discuss some exciting manifestations of …

While classical liquid droplets are rounded, transitions have recently been discovered which render polyhedral water-suspended droplets of several oils. Yet, the mechanism of these transitions and the role of the droplets’ interfacial curvature in inducing these transitions remain controversial. In particular, one of the two mechanisms suggested mandates a convex interface, in a view from the oil side. Here we show that oil-suspended water droplets can spontaneously assume polyhedral shapes, in spite of their concave interface. These results strongly support the alternative mechanism, where the faceting in both oil and water droplets is driven by the elasticity of a crystalline monolayer, known to self-assemble at the oil–water interface, independent of its curvature. The faceting transitions in the water droplets allow the fundamental elastic properties of two-dimensional matter to be probed, enable new strategies in …

The hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium can be promoted by the modification of platinum group metal with oxophilic metals. Herein, an earth abundant metal was first converted to copper phosphide Cu3P and the latter was electrochemically activated by a short and simple procedure to yield an oxidized electroactive surface. Compared with the pristine Cu3P catalyst, the electrochemical activated Cu3P catalyst exhibits an HER overpotential of 155 mV at 10 mA/cm2 (90 mV decrease from Cu3P catalyst) in alkaline medium with a stability over 24 h). XRD, XPS and EDS reveal that the oxidation occurs only on the surface of Cu3P which shows the presence of both copper phosphide and oxide species.