BINA

B31. 00011: Measurement induced phase transition with an extended log-law phase in an integrability-broken transverse field Ising model

Water pollution, particularly from hazardous substances like heavy metal ions, poses a serious threat to both human health and the environment. The conventional methods used to measure these pollutants in water are not only expensive and time-consuming but also require extensive sample preparation. Addressing this challenge, we propose an optical approach that utilizes the full scattering profile, focusing on the iso-pathlength (IPL) point. The IPL point remains constant for different scattering coefficients, with absorption affecting only its intensity, not its position. This paper demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach detecting FeCl2 and intralipid in concentrations of 70-100 and 20-30 ppm, respectively. These findings highlight the IPL point as an intrinsic calibration parameter, offering an efficient means to differentiate water contamination. The method is not only precise and versatile but also emerges as a …

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications, particularly as versatile platforms for drug delivery and targeted therapy. The conjugation of GNPs with antibodies offers a promising strategy to enhance their specificity and efficacy in various therapeutic approaches. In this study, we focus on synthesizing different types of GNPs conjugated with antibodies and investigate the influence of various synthesis methods on nanoparticle characterization. The results demonstrated that different synthesis methods lead to different degrees of antibody conjugation on the GNP surface and to varied efficiency on biosystems. This work has the potential to outline design principles that could positively affect the development of targeted nanotherapeutics for various biomedical applications.

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure are associated with an increased incidence of cancer. However, the mechanism is complex and unclear. Here, we aimed to test our hypothesis that cardiac small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), particularly cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell–derived sEVs (cMSC-sEVs), contribute to the link between post-MI left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and cancer. METHODS We purified and characterized sEVs from post-MI hearts and cultured cMSCs. Then, we analyzed cMSC-EV cargo and proneoplastic effects on several lines of cancer cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Next, we modeled heterotopic and orthotopic lung and breast cancer tumors in mice with post-MI LVD. We transferred cMSC-sEVs to assess sEV biodistribution and its effect on tumor growth. Finally, we tested the effects of sEV depletion and spironolactone treatment on cMSC-EV release …

Identifying the type of structural defects and determining their concentration is crucial for effective defect engineering strategies since they govern various physical, chemical, and optoelectronic properties of graphene. Here, we study the effects of Ga ion irradiation on freestanding monolayer graphene, specifically focusing on the behavior of three defect-induced Raman lines (D, D' and (D+ D')). By employing a modified approach of the local activation model, we determine the key defect parameters of each line and show their dependence on different vibrational configurations of the iTO and iLO phonons emitted during scattering. The redshift of the lines and the broadening of their width, observed with an increase in the concentration of radiation defects over Nd ≈ 1013cm−2, are explained by the tensile stress of the graphene film and a decrease in the phonon lifetime, respectively. The resulting intensity ratio I(D)/I …

Visualizing the current distribution in materials is a powerful tool to investigate and understand unconventional transport they exhibit. In the present work, we study a few microns thick devices of the layered chalcogenide material 1T-TaS 2. Pulsed DC excitation of the commensurate charge density wave (CCDW) phase in the system leads to a controllable, non-volatile, resistance-switching states. We use scanning SQUID microscopy to image, in-situ, the local current density map by mapping the field generated by the current flow. The images reveal the presence of electrical domains in the device and their effect on the current flow.

The effect of doping concentration on the temperature performance of the novel split-well resonant-phonon (SWRP) terahertz quantum-cascade laser (THz QCL) scheme supporting a clean 4-level system design was analyzed using non-equilibrium Green’s functions (NEGF) calculations. Experimental research showed that increasing the doping concentration in these designs led to better results compared to the split-well direct-phonon (SWDP) design, which has a larger overlap between its active laser states and the doping profile. However, further improvement in the temperature performance was expected, which led us to assume there was an increased gain and line broadening when increasing the doping concentration despite the reduced overlap between the doped region and the active laser states. Through simulations based on NEGF calculations we were able to study the contribution of the different …

Lately, there has been a renewed attention to the study of multimode signals and their ultrafast interactions. One fascinating phenomenon in this field is known as nonlinear multimode dispersive waves. These waves are frequently observed and hold significant applications across diverse physical systems. While the single-mode case of these waves has been widely researched, the multimode scenario remains relatively unexplored. Understanding and studying nonlinear multimode dispersive waves holds great significance in predicting and analyzing wave phenomena within many systems. In our lab, we developed multimode time lens, which can measure the temporal and spatial dynamics of signals inside multimode fibers. We study the interactions of multimode dispersive waves, in both frequency and time domain. We use the multimode time lens we developed to image and analyze the temporal dynamics …

Background Bacterial biocontrol agents that antagonize soilborne pathogens are increasingly considered as alternatives to chemical pesticides, but their in-vivo efficacy is often inconsistent, restricting commercial use. The efficacy of a biocontrol agent can depend on rhizosphere competence and its interaction with native microbiomes, which can effect ecosystem functioning. This study investigated the capacity of a Bacillus cereus sensu lato (Bcsl) biocontrol strain (S-25) to persist on roots and in the rhizosphere of cucumber, and evaluated its impact on bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere, in the absence and presence of Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agent of damping-off disease in young seedlings. Results Following amendment, S-25 abundance in the cucumber rhizosphere decreased by two orders of magnitude, but remained relatively high for the duration of the experiment, in …

Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special attention. Here, we introduce and analyze a nonrelativistic framework in which each system contains an internal clock in addition to its external (spatial) degree of freedom and, hence, can be used as a spatiotemporal quantum reference frame. We present expressions for expectation values and variances of relevant observables in different perspectives, as well as relations between these quantities in different perspectives in scenarios with no interactions. In particular, we show that even in these simple scenarios the relative uncertainty between clocks affects the relative spatial spread of the systems.

Terpene synthases (TPS) catalyze the first step in the formation of terpenoids, which comprise the largest class of natural products in nature. TPS employ a family of universal natural substrates, composed of isoprenoid units bound to a diphosphate moiety. The intricate structures generated by TPS are the result of substrate binding and folding in the active site, enzyme‐controlled carbocation reaction cascades, and final reaction quenching. A key unaddressed question in class I TPS is the asymmetric nature of the diphosphate‐(Mg2+)3 cluster, which forms a critical part of the active site. In this asymmetric ion‐cluster, two diphosphate oxygens protrude into the active site pocket. The substrate hydrocarbon tail, which is eventually molded into terpenes, can bind to either of these oxygens, yet to which is unknown. Here, we employ structural, bioinformatics, and EnzyDock docking tools to address this enigma. We bring …

Fluorescence-based imaging is a powerful tool for studying biological systems, but its application in vivo is hindered by tissue scattering and autofluorescence. To enhance the usefulness of non-invasive in vivo fluorescence imaging, a comprehensive understanding of these factors is crucial. This presentation introduces a diffusion model that represents a fluorophore within tissue, verified using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements with tissue-like phantom slabs of varying reduced scattering coefficients and thicknesses. The study reveals a correlation between fluorescence intensity (FI) and thickness, confirming the expected decay. Surprisingly, the exponential decay rate decreases with increasing scattering coefficient, contradicting intuition. This counterintuitive finding suggests that highly scattering media result in weaker FI decay dependence on tissue depth, reducing fluorescence artifacts …

The spacetime curvature in the vicinity of massive black holes induces the bending of ray trajectories and the trapping of light in a specific region of space called the photon sphere. We mimic in the laboratory the behavior of waves near a black hole by investigating the modes of vibration on a 3D curved surface corresponding to a particular metric of the black hole. This surface can be transformed to a flat disk with non-uniform distribution of refractive index. Here, we consider elastic waves guided in a thin plate with non-uniform thickness, which corresponds to a varying velocity. Selective laser melting has been used to 3D-print our model with an aluminum alloy. A short pulse is propagated, and the spatiotemporal profile of the velocity-field is recorded by scanning a laser vibrometer. The quasimodes of the system are obtained by modal analysis in the Fourier domain. We find two different classes of modes:(1) Modes …

Quantum interferometers represent a powerful class of devices that exploit the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve highly sensitive measurements and precise detection capabilities. In classical interferometry, light waves or matter waves combine and interfere, resulting in constructive or destructive interference patterns that encode information about the system being studied. In the quantum realm, interferometers leverage the unique properties of quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to surpass the sensitivity limits imposed by classical physics. We developed a new class of quantum interferometers, namely, the temporal SU(1,1) interferometer. Here, we present the code for numerically comparing classical SU(2) interferometer, regular quantum SU(1,1) interferometer, and our temporal SU(1,1) interferometer.

G54. 00011: Light chaotic dynamics and ray engineering transformed from curved to flat space

Self‐healing (SH) of (opto)electronic material damage can have a huge impact on resource sustainability. The rising interest in halide perovskite (HaP) compounds over the past decade is due to their excellent semiconducting properties for crystals and films, even if made by low‐temperature solution‐based processing. Direct proof of self‐healing in Pb‐based HaPs is demonstrated through photoluminescence recovery from photodamage, fracture healing and their use as high‐energy radiation and particle detectors. Here, the question of how to find additional semiconducting materials exhibiting SH, in particular lead‐free ones is addressed. Applying a data‐mining approach to identify semiconductors with favorable mechanical and thermal properties, for which Pb HaPs are clear outliers, it is found that the Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, (X = I, Br, Cl) family, which is synthesized and tested for SH. This is the first demonstration of …

Cisplatin (CP) is the primary standard treatment for bladder cancer. Nevertheless, CP has side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity. This limits the treatment of a notable portion of advanced bladder cancer patients with cisplatin. We have developed gold nanoparticles that conjugate CP (CP-AuNPs) for safer delivery to tumors. Here, we investigated the biodistribution of the CP-AuNP conjugates in a mouse model of bladder cancer, to characterize the distinct role of CPAuNP in delivering and releasing CP in tumor and tissues. Effect of the CP-AuNPs on weight and kidney was also investigated. This study can provide insights into the potential safety of CP-AuNP for bladder cancer treatment.

The effect of doping concentration on the temperature performance of the novel split-well resonant-phonon (SWRP) terahertz quantum-cascade laser (THz QCL) scheme supporting a clean 4-level system design was analyzed using non-equilibrium Green’s functions (NEGF) calculations. Experimental research showed that increasing the doping concentration in these designs led to better results compared to the split-well direct-phonon (SWDP) design, which has a larger overlap between its active laser states and the doping profile. However, further improvement in the temperature performance was expected, which led us to assume there was an increased gain and line broadening when increasing the doping concentration despite the reduced overlap between the doped region and the active laser states. Through simulations based on NEGF calculations we were able to study the contribution of the different …

The growing demand for energy has increased the need for battery storage, with lithium-ion batteries being widely used. Among those, nickel-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides [LiNi1–x–yCoxMnyO2 NCM (1 – x – y > 0.5)] are some of the promising cathode materials due to their high specific capacities and working voltages. In this study, we demonstrate that a thin, simple coating of polyalanine chiral molecules improves the performance of Ni-rich cathodes. The chiral organic coating of the active material enhances the discharge capacity and rate capability. Specifically, NCM811 and NCM622 electrodes coated with chiral molecules exhibit lower voltage hysteresis and better rate performance, with a capacity improvement of >10% at a 4 C discharge rate and an average improvement of 6%. We relate these results to the chirally induced spin selectivity effect that enables us to reduce the resistance of the …

Phase retardation is a cornerstone of modern optics, yet, at mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequencies, it remains a major challenge due to the scarcity of simultaneously transparent and birefringent crystals. Most materials resonantly absorb due to lattice vibrations occurring at mid-IR frequencies, and natural birefringence is weak, calling for hundreds of microns to millimeters-thick phase retarders for sufficient polarization rotation. Here, we demonstrate mid-IR phase retardation with flakes of α-MoO3 that are more than ten times thinner than the operational wavelength, achieving 90 degrees polarization rotation within one micrometer of material. We report conversion ratios above 50% in reflection or transmission mode, and wavelength tunability by several micrometers. Our results showcase that exfoliated flakes of low-dimensional crystals can serve as a platform for mid-IR miniaturized integrated low-loss polarization control.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have the potential to contribute towards alternative energy storage due to their low cost, high abundance, dendrites free deposition of Mg and high volumetric energy density. Organometallic complex-based electrolytes in ethereal solutions have been extensively studied in the context of RMBs due to their ability to facilitate highly reversible magnesium deposition in rechargeable magnesium batteries, while demonstrating wide enough electrochemical stability windows. However, these solutions containing unique mixture of organo-halo aluminate complexes have detrimental effect on the anodic stability of metallic current collectors for cathodes, like Ni and Al foils. In this work, we were able to synthesize and isolate Mg 2 Cl 3 (THF) 6 Ph 2 AlCl 2/THF electrolyte as the sole electroactive species using simple precursors: Ph 2 AlCl and MgCl 2 in THF, via atom efficient mono …