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Oct 2022 • Journal of The Electrochemical Society

Pulsed Charging Protocols with Non-Zero Relaxation Time for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lautaro N Acosta, Guillermo Garaventta, Mikhael Levi, Doron Aurbach, Victoria Flexer

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly charged following the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) protocol. Current flow during charging implies an equivalent ionic flow through the battery materials. Intercalation and de-intercalation of Li+ are accompanied by concentration gradients that are reflected by the rise in the cells' potentials that is required to maintain the constant current during the CC regime. In this work, two new pulsed charging protocols were tested. Firstly, a square current pulse is applied to the cell until the cut-off voltage is reached, followed by a pulsed square voltage protocol (PV). The second methodology keeps the same current pulse, however, after the limiting voltage was reached, the pulsing regime consisted in alternating between a maximum voltage value and a minimum, non-zero, constant current value. Different voltage pulse widths and frequencies were tested, in order to study the …

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Oct 2022 • Optics Continuum

16-channel O-band silicon-photonic wavelength division multiplexer with a 1 nm channel spacing

Matan Slook, Saawan Kumar Bag, Moshe Katzman, Dvir Munk, Yuri Kaganovskii, Michael Rosenbluh, Naor Inbar, Inbar Shafir, Leroy Dokhanian, Maayan Priel, Mirit Hen, Elad Zehavi, Avi Zadok

Silicon-photonic integrated circuits are a pivotal technology for the continued growth of data communications. A main task of silicon photonics is the wavelength division multiplexing of communication channels to aggregate bandwidths that exceed the working rates available in electronics. In this work, we design and implement a 16-channel, wavelength division multiplexing device in silicon-on-insulator. The device operates at the O-band wavelengths, centered at 1310 nm, which are favored by many data center applications. The spacing between adjacent channels is 0.96 nm (167 GHz), close to those of dense wavelength division multiplexing standards in the 1550 nm wavelength range (C band). The layout consists of 15 Mach-Zehnder interferometers, cascaded in a four-stage tree topology. The differential phase delay within each interferometer is precisely trimmed post-fabrication, through local illumination of a photosensitive upper cladding layer of As_2Se_3 chalcogenide glass. Trimming is performed subject to closed-loop feedback of transfer functions measurements. The devices can be useful in data center optical communications.

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Oct 2022 • 2022 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), 1-4, 2022

Electro-Opto-Mechanical Microwave-Frequency Oscillator in a Surface Acoustic Wave Silicon-Photonic Circuit

Maayan Priel, Saawan Kumar Bag, Matan Slook, Leroy Dokhanian, Inbar Shafir, Etai Grunwald, Moshe Katzman, Mirit Hen, Avi Zadok

An electro-opto-mechanical microwave frequency oscillator is demonstrated through a silicon photonic circuit. An electrical signal modulates an optical pump wave input. Modulation is converted to a surface acoustic wave on the silicon circuit through absorption in a metallic grating and thermoelastic expansion. The acoustic wave is delayed and converted back to optics through photoelastic modulation of a continuous optical input probe wave in a racetrack resonator waveguide. The output probe is detected, and the obtained voltage is amplified and fed back to modulate the input optical pump wave. With sufficient feedback gain, the electro-opto-mechanical loop is driven to oscillations at 2.21 GHz frequency. The oscillator can be useful for integrated microwave photonics signal processing.

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Oct 2022 • Frontiers in molecular biosciences

Disrupting Cu trafficking as a potential therapy for cancer

Zena Qasem, Matic Pavlin, Ida Ritacco, Matan Y Avivi, Shelly Meron, Melanie Hirsch, Yulia Shenberger, Lada Gevorkyan-Airapetov, Alessandra Magistrato, Sharon Ruthstein

Copper ions play a crucial role in various cellular biological processes. However, these copper ions can also lead to toxicity when their concentration is not controlled by a sophisticated copper-trafficking system. Copper dys-homeostasis has been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Therefore, manipulating Cu-trafficking to trigger selective cancer cell death may be a viable strategy with therapeutic benefit. By exploiting combined in silico and experimental strategies, we identified small peptides able to bind Atox1 and metal-binding domains 3-4 of ATP7B proteins. We found that these peptides reduced the proliferation of cancer cells owing to increased cellular copper ions concentration. These outcomes support the idea of harming copper trafficking as an opportunity for devising novel anti-cancer therapies.

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Oct 2022 • ACS nano

Optoelectronics of Atomic Metal–Semiconductor Interfaces in Tin-Intercalated MoS2

Avraham Twitto, Chen Stern, Michal Poplinger, Ilana Perelshtein, Sabyasachi Saha, Akash Jain, Kristie J Koski, Francis Leonard Deepak, Ashwin Ramasubramaniam, Doron Naveh

Metal–semiconductor interfaces are ubiquitous in modern electronics. These quantum-confined interfaces allow for the formation of atomically thin polarizable metals and feature rich optical and optoelectronic phenomena, including plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer from metal to semiconductors. Here, we report on the metal–semiconductor interface formed during the intercalation of zero-valent atomic layers of tin (Sn) between layers of MoS2, a van der Waals layered material. We demonstrate that Sn interaction leads to the emergence of gap states within the MoS2 band gap and to corresponding plasmonic features between 1 and 2 eV (0.6–1.2 μm). The observed stimulation of the photoconductivity, as well as the extension of the spectral response from the visible regime toward the mid-infrared suggests that hot-carrier generation and internal photoemission take place.

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Oct 2022 • Advanced Science

Highly Stable 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Li Batteries by Rubidium‐Based Surface Modifications

Tianju Fan, Yujie Wang, Villa Krishna Harika, Amey Nimkar, Kai Wang, Xiaolang Liu, Meng Wang, Leimin Xu, Yuval Elias, Munseok S Chae, Yonggang Min, Yuhao Lu, Netanel Shpigel, Doron Aurbach

Among extensively studied Li‐ion cathode materials, LiCoO2 (LCO) remains dominant for portable electronic applications. Although its theoretical capacity (274 mAh g−1) cannot be achieved in Li cells, high capacity (≤240 mAh g−1) can be obtained by raising the charging voltage up to 4.6 V. Unfortunately, charging Li‐LCO cells to high potentials induces surface and structural instabilities that result in rapid degradation of cells containing LCO cathodes. Yet, significant stabilization is achieved by surface coatings that promote formation of robust passivation films and prevent parasitic interactions between the electrolyte solutions and the cathodes particles. In the search for effective coatings, the authors propose RbAlF4 modified LCO particles. The coated LCO cathodes demonstrate enhanced capacity (>220 mAh g−1) and impressive retention of >80/77% after 500/300 cycles at 30/45 °C. A plausible mechanism …

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Oct 2022 • Small Methods

Stabilizing High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for High Energy Rechargeable Li Batteries by Coating With Organic Aromatic Acids and Their Li Salts

Sandipan Maiti, Hadar Sclar, Judith Grinblat, Michael Talianker, Yuval Elias, Xiaohan Wu, Aleksandr Kondrakov, Doron Aurbach

Here, three types of surface coatings based on adsorption of organic aromatic acids or their Li salts are applied as functional coating substrates to engineer the surface properties of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel cathodes. The materials used as coating include 1,3,5‐benzene‐tricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid [TMA]), its Li‐salt, and 1,4‐benzene‐dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). The surface coating involves simple ethanol liquid‐phase mixing and low‐temperature heat treatment under nitrogen flow. In typical comparative studies, TMA‐coated (3–5%) LNMO cathodes deliver >90% capacity retention after 400 cycles with significantly improved rate performance in Li‐coin cells at 30 °C compared to uncoated material with capacity retention of ≈40%. The cathode coating also prevents the rapid drop in the electrochemical activity of high voltage Li cells at 55 °C. Studies of high voltage full cells …

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Oct 2022 • Biophysical Reviews 14 (5), 1141-1159, 2022

The use of EPR spectroscopy to study transcription mechanisms

L Hofmann, A Mandato, S Saxena, S Ruthstein

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has become a promising structural biology tool to resolve complex and dynamic biological mechanisms in-vitro and in-cell. Here, we focus on the advantages of continuous wave (CW) and pulsed EPR distance measurements to resolve transcription processes and protein-DNA interaction. The wide range of spin-labeling approaches that can be used to follow structural changes in both protein and DNA render EPR a powerful method to study protein-DNA interactions and structure–function relationships in other macromolecular complexes. EPR-derived data goes well beyond static structural information and thus serves as the method of choice if dynamic insight is needed. Herein, we describe the conceptual details of the theory and the methodology and illustrate the use of EPR to study the protein-DNA interaction of the copper-sensitive transcription factor, CueR.

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Sep 2022 • Small

Bridging 1D Inorganic and Organic Synthesis to Fabricate Ultrathin Bismuth‐Based Nanotubes with Controllable Size as Anode Materials for Secondary Li Batteries

Kai Zong, Tianzhi Chu, Dongqing Liu, Andleeb Mehmood, Tianju Fan, Waseem Raza, Arshad Hussain, Yonggui Deng, Wei Liu, Ali Saad, Jie Zhao, Ying Li, Doron Aurbach, Xingke Cai

The growth of ultrathin 1D inorganic nanomaterials with controlled diameters remains challenging by current synthetic approaches. A polymer chain templated method is developed to synthesize ultrathin Bi2O2CO3 nanotubes. This formation of nanotubes is a consequence of registry between the electrostatic absorption of functional groups on polymer template and the growth habit of Bi2O2CO3. The bulk bismuth precursor is broken into nanoparticles and anchored onto the polymer chain periodically. These nanoparticles react with the functional groups and gradually evolve into Bi2O2CO3 nanotubes along the chain. 5.0 and 3.0 nm tubes with narrow diameter deviation are synthesized by using branched polyethyleneimine and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the templates, respectively. Such Bi2O2CO3 nanotubes show a decent lithium‐ion storage capacity of around 600 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 500 cycles, higher …

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Sep 2022 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.03410

Exponential tails and asymmetry relations for the spread of biased random walks

Stanislav Burov, Wanli Wang, Eli Barkai

Exponential, and not Gaussian, decay of probability density functions was studied by Laplace in the context of his analysis of errors. Such Laplace propagators for the diffusive motion of single particles in disordered media were recently observed in numerous experimental systems. What will happen to this universality when an external driving force is applied? Using the ubiquitous continuous time random walk with bias, and the Crooks relation in conjunction with large deviations theory, we derive two properties of the positional probability density function that hold for a wide spectrum of random walk models: (I) Universal asymmetric exponential decay of for large , and (II) Existence of a time transformation that for large allows to express in terms of the propagator of the unbiased process (measured at a shorter time). These findings allow us to establish how the symmetric exponential-like tails, measured in many unbiased processes, will transform into asymmetric Laplace tails when an external force is applied.

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Sep 2022 • Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects

Design of silane-based UV-absorbing thin coatings on polyethylene films

Taly Iline-Vul, Naftali Kanovsky, Daniel Yom-Tov, Merav Nadav-Tsubery, Shlomo Margel

UV-absorbing surfaces have received much attention and focus due to their relevance in a variety of research applications and industrial fields. However, these surfaces currently suffer from drawbacks such as instability due to leakage of the entrapped UV-absorbing compounds, complicated non-green synthetic processes, and/or lack of good optical properties. We propose a modified Stöber method where UV absorbing silane monomers containing the group2-hydroxy-4-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy) diphenylketone (SiUV) in presence of the mesoporous producing surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) was polymerized in an ethanol/water continuous phase under basic conditions. UV absorbing thin coatings onto polyethylene (PE) films were then spread with the former dispersion on corona-treated PE, followed by a thermal drying process. These films were highly UV absorbent and durable with …

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Sep 2022 • Journal of Biomedical Optics

Non-invasive blood glucose sensing by machine learning of optic fiber-based speckle pattern variation

Deep Pal, Sergey Agadarov, Yevgeny Beiderman, Yafim Beiderman, Amitesh Kumar, Zeev Zalevsky

Significance: The ability to perform frequent non-invasive monitoring of glucose in the bloodstream is very applicable for diabetic patients.Aim: We experimentally verified a non-invasive multimode fiber-based technique for sensing glucose concentration in the bloodstream by extracting and analyzing the collected speckle patterns.Approach: The proposed sensor consists of a laser source, digital camera, computer, multimode fiber, and alternating current (AC) generated magnetic field source. The experiments were performed using a covered (with cladding and jacket) and uncovered (without cladding and jacket) multimode fiber touching the skin under a magnetic field and without it. The subject’s finger was placed on a fiber to detect the glucose concentration. The method tracks variations in the speckle patterns due to light interaction with the bloodstream affected by blood glucose.Results: The uncovered fiber …

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Sep 2022 • Research Square, 2022

Dynamics of optical vortices in 2D materials

Yaniv Kurman, Raphael Dahan, Hanan Sheinfux, Gilles Rosolen, Eli Jenzen, James Edgar, Frank Koppens, Ido Kaminer

Quantized vortices are topological defects found in different two-dimensional geometries, from liquid crystals to ferromagnets, famously involved in spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. Their optical counterparts appear in planar geometries as a universal wave phenomenon, possessing topologically protected orbital angular momentum (OAM). So far, the spatio-temporal dynamics of optical vortices, including vortex-pair creation and annihilation, was observed only in Bose-Einstein condensates. Here we observe optical vortices in 2D materials and measure their dynamics, including events of pair-creation and annihilation. The vortices conserve their combined OAM during pair creation/annihilation events and determine the surrounding field profile throughout their motion between these events. The vortices are made of phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride, which we directly probe using free electrons in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. Our findings promote future investigations of vortex phenomena in 2D material platforms, toward their use for chiral plasmonics, quantum simulators, and control over selection rules in light-matter interactions.

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Sep 2022 • Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for sensing Mg2+ ions in aqueous solution, and their application in the detection and imaging …

Hari Krishna Sadhanala, Saurav Aryal, Kusha Sharma, Ziv Orpaz, Shulamit Michaeli, Aharon Gedanken

The magnesium (Mg2+) ion is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, and it is involved in a variety of biological processes and physiological functions. Because of the different effects which are dependent on Mg2+ ion concentration, it is critical to monitor Mg2+ ion levels in biological systems. Here, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of photoluminescent N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) using 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The as-synthesized NCDs demonstrated excitation dependent photoluminescence (PL) with a quantum yield of 16.2%. Because of water dispersibility and chelating functional groups, NCDs were used for highly selective detection of Mg2+ ions using ratiometric PL enhancement with a detection limit of 60 μM. Following that, based on highly biocompatibility and sensing of Mg2+ ions …

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Sep 2022 • IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Deep tattoo ink depth profiling in ex vivo porcine skin using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Pavitra Sokke Rudraiah, Sukanta Nandi, Hamootal Duadi, Dror Fixler

Human body is a complex system composed of various chemicals, and thus inserting any foreign chemicals can lead to long-lasting damage. One such process is tattooing, which is widely common among all sections of human society. Nevertheless, there is a huge demand for safe tattoo removal, intending to target only the ink particles and protect the skin components. This work discusses the development of a non-invasive technique to assess tattoo ink location in the deep tissue layers. Tattoo ink was injected systematically from 1--6 mm depth, parallel to the surface of an ex vivo porcine skin. The adopted methodology of the crossover point-based diffuse reflectance (DR) technique could effectively and precisely detect the tattoo ink location in the depths. A good quantitative agreement between the detected ink location and injected ink depth on cross-section tattooed skins were observed. The DR technique thus …

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Sep 2022 • Langmuir

Counterions under a Surface-Adsorbed Cationic Surfactant Monolayer: Structure and Thermodynamics

Eli Sloutskin, Lilach Tamam, Zvi Sapir, Benjamin M Ocko, Colin D Bain, Ivan Kuzmenko, Thomas Gog, Moshe Deutsch

The surface adsorption of ionic surfactants is fundamental for many widespread phenomena in life sciences and for a wide range of technological applications. However, direct atomic-resolution structural experimental studies of noncrystalline surface-adsorbed films are scarce. Thus, even the most central physical aspects of these films, such as their charge density, remain uncertain. Consequently, theoretical models based on contradicting assumptions as for the surface films’ ionization are widely used for the description and prediction of surface thermodynamics. We employ X-ray reflectivity to obtain the Ångström-scale surface-normal structure of surface-adsorbed films of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solutions at several different temperatures and concentrations. In conjunction with published neutron reflectivity data, we determine the surface-normal charge …

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Sep 2022 • Langmuir

Counterions under a Surface-Adsorbed Cationic Surfactant Monolayer: Structure and Thermodynamics

Eli Sloutskin, Lilach Tamam, Zvi Sapir, Benjamin M Ocko, Colin D Bain, Ivan Kuzmenko, Thomas Gog, Moshe Deutsch

The surface adsorption of ionic surfactants is fundamental for many widespread phenomena in life sciences and for a wide range of technological applications. However, direct atomic-resolution structural experimental studies of noncrystalline surface-adsorbed films are scarce. Thus, even the most central physical aspects of these films, such as their charge density, remain uncertain. Consequently, theoretical models based on contradicting assumptions as for the surface films’ ionization are widely used for the description and prediction of surface thermodynamics. We employ X-ray reflectivity to obtain the Ångström-scale surface-normal structure of surface-adsorbed films of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solutions at several different temperatures and concentrations. In conjunction with published neutron reflectivity data, we determine the surface-normal charge …

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Sep 2022 • Advanced Energy Materials

Superstructure Variation and Improved Cycling of Anion Redox Active Sodium Manganese Oxides Due to Doping by Iron

Xiaodong Qi, Langyuan Wu, Zhiwei Li, Yuxuan Xiang, Yunan Liu, Kangsheng Huang, Elias Yuval, Doron Aurbach, Xiaogang Zhang

Anionic redox provides an effective way to overcome the capacity bottleneck of sodium‐ion batteries. A dominant role is played by the arrangement of alkali A and transition metal M in the NaxAyM1‐yO2 superstructure. Here, in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance of P2 type Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 with ribbon‐ordered superstructure illustrate structural changes and explain the evolution of the electrochemical behavior of electrodes comprising this active mass, during cycling. Upon substitution of a small amount of manganese by iron, Na0.67Li0.2Mn0.73Fe0.07O2 is formed with a honeycomb‐ordered superstructure. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations elucidate the effect of iron on oxygen redox activity. The iron‐doped material considerably outperforms the undoped Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 as a cathode material for rechargeable Na‐ion batteries. This research reveals …

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Sep 2022 • European Journal of Cancer

Elevated A-to-I RNA editing in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

L Moyal, M Karmon, E Levanon, E Hodak

Results: First, we confirmed that A to G alteration in the RNAseq-data are indeed RNA editing and not mismatch mutations. Next, we found that the global blood cytoplasmic editing was higher in leukemic CTCL patients compared to healthy controls (p= 0.006). The expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes was not altered, but the expression of the most abundant putative ADAR inhibitor-DDX6, found in the healthy cohort, was reduced in leukemic CTCL patients (p= 8× 10-8). Using Random Forest algorithm with machine learning, we managed to discriminate in all between patients and healthy individuals, based on editing level and regulators. Specific edited genes and ncRNAs are now under evaluation as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for leukemic CTCL and their relevancy for T cell exhaustion as was shown in Park et al. Conclusions: We propose that RNA editing is involved in the pathomechanism of …

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Sep 2022 • IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Deep tattoo ink depth profiling in ex vivo porcine skin using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Pavitra Sokke Rudraiah, Sukanta Nandi, Hamootal Duadi, Dror Fixler

Human body is a complex system composed of various chemicals, and thus inserting any foreign chemicals can lead to long-lasting damage. One such process is tattooing, which is widely common among all sections of human society. Nevertheless, there is a huge demand for safe tattoo removal, intending to target only the ink particles and protect the skin components. This work discusses the development of a non-invasive technique to assess tattoo ink location in the deep tissue layers. Tattoo ink was injected systematically from 1-6 mm depth, parallel to the surface of an ex vivo porcine skin. The adopted methodology of the crossover point-based diffuse reflectance (DR) technique could effectively and precisely detect the tattoo ink location in the depths. A good quantitative agreement between the detected ink location and injected ink depth on cross-section tattooed skins were observed. The DR technique thus …

Show more

Sep 2022 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.03410

Exponential Tails and Asymmetry Relations for the Spread of Biased Random Walks

Stanislav Burov, Wanli Wang, Eli Barkai

Exponential, and not Gaussian, decay of probability density functions was studied by Laplace in the context of his analysis of errors. Such Laplace propagators for the diffusive motion of single particles in disordered media were recently observed in numerous experimental systems. What will happen to this universality when an external driving force is applied? Using the ubiquitous continuous time random walk with bias, and the Crooks relation in conjunction with large deviations theory, we derive two properties of the positional probability density function that hold for a wide spectrum of random walk models: (I) Universal asymmetric exponential decay of for large , and (II) Existence of a time transformation that for large allows to express in terms of the propagator of the unbiased process (measured at a shorter time). These findings allow us to establish how the symmetric exponential-like tails, measured in many unbiased processes, will transform into asymmetric Laplace tails when an external force is applied.

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