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Sep 2023 • Scientific Reports

Near-field projection optical microscope (NPOM) as a new approach to nanoscale super-resolved imaging

Abhijit Sanjeev, David Glukhov, Rinsa Salahudeen Rafeeka, Avi Karsenty, Zeev Zalevsky

A new super-resolution method, entitled Near-field Projection Optical Microscopy (NPOM), is presented. This novel technique enables the imaging of nanoscale objects without the need for surface scanning, as is usually required in existing methods such as NSOM (near-field scanning optical microscope). The main advantage of the proposed concept, besides the elimination of the need for a mechanical scanning mechanism, is that the full field of regard/view is imaged simultaneously and not point-by-point as in scanning-based techniques. Furthermore, by using compressed sensing, the number of projected patterns needed to decompose the spatial information of the inspected object can be made smaller than the obtainable points of spatial resolution. In addition to the development of mathematical formalism, this paper presents the results of a series of complementary numerical tests, using various objects and …

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Aug 2023 • Optical Methods for Inspection, Characterization, and Imaging of …, 2023

Remote photonic medicine

Zeev Zalevsky

I will present a photonic sensor that can be used for remote sensing of many biomedical parameters simultaneously and continuously. The technology is based upon illuminating a surface with a laser and then using an imaging camera to perform temporal and spatial tracking of secondary speckle patterns in order to have nano metric accurate estimation of the movement of the back reflecting surface. The capability of sensing those movements in nano-metric precision allows connecting the movement with remote bio-sensing and with medical diagnosis capabilities. The proposed technology was already applied for remote and continuous estimation of vital bio-signs (such as heart beats, respiration, blood pulse pressure and intra ocular pressure), for molecular sensing of chemicals in the blood stream (such as for estimation of alcohol, glucose and lactate concentrations in blood stream, blood coagulation and …

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Aug 2023 • 3rd International Conference on Aerogels for Biomedical and Environmental Applications

Plasmonic Based Sensor for Quantification of Chemical Pollutants in Water and its Improvement by Machine Learning

MOHAMED HAMODE, MARIA SHEHADEH, OMER KASPI, BRURIA RUBIN, DAVID ZITOUN, ADI SALOMON

Chemical pollutants in drinking water can have many sources, such as pharmaceutical waste, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharges1, 2, 3. The development of a reliable, sensitive, and handheld sensor for the detection of a mixture of contaminants is important, both for human health and the environment. Herein, we show the development of a plasmonic sensor for Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and colorimetry measurements. Two types of plasmonic surfaces which enhance the electromagnetic field are presented here;(i) Well-defined cavities milled in silver substrates which are covered with 5 nm of SiO2 for stability.(ii) A scalable metallic-like aerogel network with large surface area, for increasing the sensitivity of our measurements. Three different families of analytes were studied, which can be found in drinking water: Piperidine and its derivatives (Pharmaceutical waste), Dioxins & Polychlorinated biphenyls, Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, each of which is toxic, both to the environment and humans health, even at a low concentration of 30 mg/Kg (3* 10-4M). Those

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Aug 2023 • Journal of Biomedical Optics

Noninvasive blood glucose sensing by secondary speckle pattern artificial intelligence analyses

Deep Pal, Amitesh Kumar, Nave Avraham, Yoram Eisenbach, Yevgeny Beiderman, Sergey Agdarov, Yafim Beiderman, Zeev Zalevsky

SignificanceDiabetes is a prevalent disease worldwide that can cause severe health problems. Accurate blood glucose detection is crucial for diabetes management, and noninvasive methods can be more convenient and less painful than traditional finger-prick methods.AimWe aim to report a noncontact speckle-based blood glucose measurement system that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) data processing to improve glucose detection accuracy. The study also explores the influence of an alternating current (AC) induced magnetic field on the sensitivity and selectivity of blood glucose detection.ApproachThe proposed blood glucose sensor consists of a digital camera, an AC-generated magnetic field source, a laser illuminating the subject’s finger, and a computer. A magnetic field is applied to the finger, and a camera records the speckle patterns generated by the laser light reflected from the finger. The acquired …

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Aug 2023 • Journal of Biological Engineering

Optimizing the fabrication of a 3D high-resolution implant for neural stimulation

Gal Shpun, Nairouz Farah, Yoav Chemla, Amos Markus, Tamar Azrad Leibovitch, Erel Lasnoy, Doron Gerber, Zeev Zalevsky, Yossi Mandel

BackgroundTissue-integrated micro-electronic devices for neural stimulation hold great potential in restoring the functionality of degenerated organs, specifically, retinal prostheses, which are aimed at vision restoration. The fabrication process of 3D polymer-metal devices with high resolution and a high aspect-ratio (AR) is very complex and faces many challenges that impair its functionality.ApproachHere we describe the optimization of the fabrication process of a bio-functionalized 3D high-resolution 1mm circular subretinal implant composed of SU-8 polymer integrated with dense gold microelectrodes (23μm pitch) passivated with 3D micro-well-like structures (20μm diameter, 3μm resolution). The main challenges were overcome by step-by-step planning and optimization while utilizing a two-step bi-layer lift-off process; bio-functionalization was carried out by N2 plasma treatment and the addition of a bio …

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Aug 2023 • ACS Catalysis

Biomimetic Fe–Cu porphyrrole aerogel electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Yeela Persky, Łukasz Kielesiński, Samala Nagaprasad Reddy, Noam Zion, Ariel Friedman, Hilah C Honig, Beata Koszarna, Michael J Zachman, Ilya Grinberg, Daniel T Gryko, Lior Elbaz

The development of bioinspired catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is one of the most prominent pathways in the search for active materials to replace Pt-based catalysts in fuel cells. Herein, we report innovative bioinspired catalysts using a directed synthetic pathway to create adjacent Cu and Fe sites. This catalyst is composed of a covalent 3D framework in an aerogel form. Aerogels are high surface area and porous hierarchical structures that can allow the formation of ultrahigh active site density and optimized mass transport of reactants and products to and from the catalytic sites. The aerogel-based catalyst exhibits high performance in a half-cell in 0.1 M KOH, with an onset potential of 0.94 V vs RHE and half-wave potential of E1/2 = 0.80 V vs RHE, high selectivity toward the four-electron reduction of oxygen to hydroxide anions, and high durability. These results are well-translated to the anion exchange …

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Aug 2023 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.11008

Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: Non-self-averaging properties of the energy spectrum

Richard Berkovits

The short time (large energy) behavior of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model (SYK) is one of the main motivation to the growing interest garnered by this model. True chaotic behaviour sets in at the Thouless time, which can be extracted from the energy spectrum. In order to do so, it is necessary to unfold the spectrum, i.e., to filter out global tendencies. Using a simple ensemble average for unfolding results in a parametically low estimation of the Thouless energy. By examining the behavior of the spectrum as the distribution of the matrix elements is changed into a log-normal distribution it is shown that the sample to sample level spacing variance determines this estimation of the Thouless energy. Using the singular value decomposition method, SVD, which filters out these sample to sample fluctuations, the Thouless energy becomes parametrically much larger, essentially of order of the band width. It is shown that the SYK model in non-self-averaging even in the thermodynamic limit which must be taken into account in considering its short time properties.

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Aug 2023 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.07587

Broadband Continuous Spectral Control of a Single Wavelength Polymer-Based Solid-State Random Laser

Bhupesh Kumar, Sebastian Schulz, Patrick Sebbah

In this paper, we present a study on partially pumped, single wavelength random lasing with tunability controlled by temperature in a solid-state random laser based on DCM (4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran) doped PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dye. By carefully shaping the spatial profile of the pump, we achieve low-threshold, single-mode random lasing with excellent rejection of side lobes. Notably, we observe that varying the temperature induces changes in the refractive index of the PMMA-DCM layer, resulting in a blue-shift of the lasing wavelength. Moreover, we demonstrate continuous tunability of the lasing wavelength over an impressive bandwidth of 8 nm.

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Aug 2023 • 2023 IEEE 18th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA …, 2023

CPU and Memory Allocation Optimization using Fuzzy Logic Based Clustering

Eran Gur, Zeev Zalevsky


Aug 2023 • Imaging Systems and Applications, IM3E. 1, 2023

Remote Biophotonics High Frequency Acoustic Vibrations Monitoring using Rolling Shutter and Speckle Analysis

Matan Benyamin, Nisan Ozana, Zeev Zalevsky

In this paper, we present a remote optical method for sound detection using rolling shutter (RS) and speckle analysis. Findings show the ability to remotely monitor the high frequency using low framerate camera.

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Aug 2023 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05213

Closed-form expressions for the probability distribution of quantum walk on a line

Mahesh N Jayakody, Eliahu Cohen

Theoretical and applied studies of quantum walks are abundant in quantum science and technology thanks to their relative simplicity and versatility. Here we derive closed-form expressions for the probability distribution of quantum walks on a line. The most general two-state coin operator and the most general (pure) initial state are considered in the derivation. The general coin operator includes the common choices of Hadamard, Grover, and Fourier coins. The method of Fibonacci-Horner basis for the power decomposition of a matrix is employed in the analysis. Moreover, we also consider mixed initial states and derive closed-form expression for the probability distribution of the Quantum walk on a line. To prove the accuracy of our derivations, we retrieve the simulated probability distribution of Hadamard walk on a line using our closed-form expressions. With a broader perspective in mind, we argue that our approach has the potential to serve as a helpful mathematical tool in obtaining precise analytical expressions for the time evolution of qubit-based systems in a general context.

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Aug 2023 • Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging, JM1B. 4, 2023

Plasma Dispersion Induced Self-Focusing of a Vortex Laser Beam in Silicon

Nadav Shabairou, Zeev Zalevsky, Moshe Sinvani

In this work, we demonstrate the focusing of a Gaussian laser beam, in silicon, by a vortex-shaped beam where both beams are at a wavelength of 775nm, which can sharpen the beam's PSF to improve the resolution in laser scanning microscopy.

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Aug 2023 • Cell reports

Polyclonal lymphoid expansion drives paraneoplastic autoimmunity in neuroblastoma

Miriam I Rosenberg, Erez Greenstein, Martin Buchkovich, Ayelet Peres, Eric Santoni-Rugiu, Lei Yang, Martin Mikl, Zalman Vaksman, David L Gibbs, Dan Reshef, Amy Salovin, Meredith S Irwin, Arlene Naranjo, Igor Ulitsky, Pedro A de Alarcon, Katherine K Matthay, Victor Weigman, Gur Yaari, Jessica A Panzer, Nir Friedman, John M Maris

Neuroblastoma is a lethal childhood solid tumor of developing peripheral nerves. Two percent of children with neuroblastoma develop opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS), a paraneoplastic disease characterized by cerebellar and brainstem-directed autoimmunity but typically with outstanding cancer-related outcomes. We compared tumor transcriptomes and tumor-infiltrating T and B cell repertoires from 38 OMAS subjects with neuroblastoma to 26 non-OMAS-associated neuroblastomas. We found greater B and T cell infiltration in OMAS-associated tumors compared to controls and showed that both were polyclonal expansions. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) were enriched in OMAS-associated tumors. We identified significant enrichment of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II allele HLA-DOB∗01:01 in OMAS patients. OMAS severity scores were associated with the expression of …

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Aug 2023 • npj 2D Materials and Applications

Thiol-based defect healing of WSe2 and WS2

Aviv Schwarz, Hadas Alon-Yehezkel, Adi Levi, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Koushik Majhi, Yael Tzuriel, Lauren Hoang, Connor S Bailey, Thomas Brumme, Andrew J Mannix, Hagai Cohen, Eilam Yalon, Thomas Heine, Eric Pop, Ori Cheshnovsky, Doron Naveh

Recent research on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has led to remarkable discoveries of fundamental phenomena and to device applications with technological potential. Large-scale TMDCs grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are now available at continuously improving quality, but native defects and natural degradation in these materials still present significant challenges. Spectral hysteresis in gate-biased photoluminescence (PL) measurements of WSe2 further revealed long-term trapping issues of charge carriers in intrinsic defect states. To address these issues, we apply here a two-step treatment with organic molecules, demonstrating the “healing” of native defects in CVD-grown WSe2 and WS2 by substituting atomic sulfur into chalcogen vacancies. We uncover that the adsorption of thiols provides only partial defect passivation, even for high adsorption quality, and …

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Aug 2023 • Neurotrauma Reports

Inducing Mechanical Stimuli to Tissues Grown on a Magnetic Gel Allows Deconvoluting the Forces Leading to Traumatic Brain Injury

Luise Schlotterose, Megane Beldjilali-Labro, Mario Hagel, Moran Yadid, Carina Flaxer, Eli Flaxer, A Ronny Barnea, Kirsten Hattermann, Esther Shohami, Yael Leichtmann-Bardoogo, Ben M Maoz

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is characterized by damage to the brain resulting from a sudden traumatic event, is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It has short- and long-term effects, including neuroinflammation, cognitive deficits, and depression. TBI consists of multiple steps that may sometimes have opposing effects or mechanisms, making it challenging to investigate and translate new knowledge into effective therapies. In order to better understand and address the underlying mechanisms of TBI, we have developed an in vitro platform that allows dynamic simulation of TBI conditions by applying external magnetic forces to induce acceleration and deceleration injury, which is often observed in human TBI. Endothelial and neuron-like cells were successfully grown on magnetic gels and applied to the platform. Both cell types showed an instant response to the TBI model, but the endothelial cells …

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Aug 2023 • Applied Physics Letters

Two-well injector direct-phonon terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Nathalie Lander Gower, Shiran Levy, Silvia Piperno, Sadhvikas J Addamane, John L Reno, Asaf Albo

We present an experimental study on a terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz QCL) design that combines both two-well injector and directphonon scattering schemes, ie, a so-called two-well injector direct-phonon design. As a result of the two-well injector direct-phonon scheme presented here, the lasers benefit from both a direct phonon scattering scheme for the lower laser level depopulation and a setback for the doping profile that reduces the overlap of the doped region with active laser states. Additionally, our design also has efficient isolation of the active laser levels from excited and continuum states as indicated by negative differential resistance behavior all the way up to room temperature. This scheme serves as a good platform for improving the temperature performance of THz QCLs as indicated by the encouraging temperature performance results of the device with a relatively high doping level of 7.56 Â …

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Aug 2023 • IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Soft aperture spatial filtering: 1.5 w in a single spatial mode from a highly multi-mode laser diode in an external cavity

Mallachi-Elia Meller, Idan Parshani, Leon Bello, David Goldovsky, Amir Kahana, Avi Pe’er

Broad area laser diodes are attractive for the high optical power they can produce. Unfortunately, this high power normally comes at the cost of severely reduced spatial coherence since the wide area of the diode wave-guide is inherently spatially multi-mode along the slow axis. We demonstrate a method to significantly improve the spatial coherence of a high-power broad-area diode by placing it in an external cavity that is mode selective. We design the cavity, such that the diode aperture acts as its own spatial filter, obviating the need for an intra-cavity slit-filter, and optimally utilizing the entire gain medium. We demonstrate this soft filtering method using wide diodes of and widths and compare its power-efficiency to the standard approach of hard-filtering with a slit. We obtain high-gain operation in a pure single-mode, demonstrating up to 1.5 W CW power at 1064 nm with excellent beam quality …

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Aug 2023 • Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 256-285, 2023

Molybdenum disulfide as hydrogen evolution catalyst: From atomistic to materials structure and electrocatalytic performance

Mohsin Muhyuddin, Giorgio Tseberlidis, Maurizio Acciarri, Oran Lori, Massimiliano D'Arienzo, Massimiliano Cavallini, Plamen Atanassov, Lior Elbaz, Alessandro Lavacchi, Carlo Santoro

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis defines the novel energy vector for achieving a sustainable society. However, the true progress of the given technology is hindered by the sluggish and complex hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurring at the cathodic side of the system where overpriced and scarce Pt-based electrocatalysts are usually employed. Therefore, efficient platinum group metals (PGMs)-free electrocatalysts to carry out HER with accelerated kinetics are urgently demanded. In this scenario, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) owing to efficacious structural attributes and optimum hydrogen-binding free energy (ΔGH*) is emerging as a reliable alternative to PGMs. However, the performance of MoS2-based electrocatalysts is still far away from the benchmark performance. The HER activity of MoS2 can be improved by engineering the structural parameters i.e., doping, defects inducement, modulating …

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Aug 2023 • Neurotrauma Reports

Inducing Mechanical Stimuli to Tissues Grown on a Magnetic Gel Allows Deconvoluting the Forces Leading to Traumatic Brain Injury

Luise Schlotterose, Megane Beldjilali-Labro, Mario Hagel, Moran Yadid, Carina Flaxer, Eli Flaxer, A Ronny Barnea, Kirsten Hattermann, Esther Shohami, Yael Leichtmann-Bardoogo, Ben M Maoz

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is characterized by damage to the brain resulting from a sudden traumatic event, is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It has short- and long-term effects, including neuroinflammation, cognitive deficits, and depression. TBI consists of multiple steps that may sometimes have opposing effects or mechanisms, making it challenging to investigate and translate new knowledge into effective therapies. In order to better understand and address the underlying mechanisms of TBI, we have developed an in vitro platform that allows dynamic simulation of TBI conditions by applying external magnetic forces to induce acceleration and deceleration injury, which is often observed in human TBI. Endothelial and neuron-like cells were successfully grown on magnetic gels and applied to the platform. Both cell types showed an instant response to the TBI model, but the endothelial cells …

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Aug 2023 • Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications

K. Alex Müller–Memories from a great scientist

Yosi Yeshurun

This article describes the effect of Alex Muller's discoveries on my own career and memories of him during his visit to Bar-Ilan University where he received an honorary doctorate.

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Aug 2023 • 2023 IEEE 18th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA …, 2023

CPU and Memory Allocation Optimization using Fuzzy Logic Based Clustering

Eran Gur, Zeev Zalevsky

The allocation of CPU time and memory resources, are well known problems in organizations with a large number of users, and a single mainframe. Usually, the amount of resources given to a single user is based on its own statistics, not on the entire statistics of the organization therefore patterns are not well identified and the allocation system is prodigal. In this work the authors suggest a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to optimize the CPU and memory distribution between the users based on the history of the users. The algorithm works separately on heavy users and light users since they have different patterns to be observed. The result is a set of rules, generated by the fuzzy logic inference engine that will allow the system to use its computing ability in an optimized manner. Test results on data taken from the Faculty of Engineering in Tel Aviv University, demonstrate the abilities of the new algorithm. This paper also …

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