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Apr 2025 • arXiv e-prints

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials

F Javier García de Abajo, DN Basov, Frank HL Koppens, Lorenzo Orsini, Matteo Ceccanti, Sebastián Castilla, Lorenzo Cavicchi, Marco Polini, PAD Gonçalves, AT Costa, NMR Peres, N Asger Mortensen, Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob, PJ Schuck, AN Pasupathy, Milan Delor, MK Liu, Aitor Mugarza, Pablo Merino, Marc G Cuxart, Emigdio Chávez-Angel, Martin Svec, Luiz HG Tizei, Florian Dirnberger, Hui Deng, Christian Schneider, Vinod Menon, Thorsten Deilmann, Alexey Chernikov, Kristian S Thygesen, Yohannes Abate, Mauricio Terrones, Vinod K Sangwan, Mark C Hersam, Leo Yu, Xueqi Chen, Tony F Heinz, Puneet Murthy, Martin Kroner, Tomasz Smolenski, Deepankur Thureja, Thibault Chervy, Armando Genco, Chiara Trovatello, Giulio Cerullo, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Timmer, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Nianze Shang, Hao Hong, Kaihui Liu, Zhipei Sun, Lee A Rozema, Philip Walther, Andrea Alù, Michele Cotrufo, Raquel Queiroz, X-Y Zhu, Joel D Cox, Eduardo JC Dias, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Fadil Iyikanat, Andrea Marini, Paul Herrmann, Nele Tornow, Sebastian Klimmer, Jan Wilhelm, Giancarlo Soavi, Zeyuan Sun, Shiwei Wu, Ying Xiong, Oles Matsyshyn, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Justin CW Song, Tomer Bucher, Alexey Gorlach, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer, Julian Schwab, Florian Mangold, Harald Giessen, M Sánchez Sánchez, DK Efetov, T Low, G Gómez-Santos, T Stauber, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Luis Martín-Moreno, Alexander Paarmann, Joshua D Caldwell, Alexey Y Nikitin, Pablo Alonso-González, Niclas S Mueller, Valentyn Volkov, Deep Jariwala, Timur Shegai, Jorik van de Groep, Alexandra Boltasseva, Igor V Bondarev, Vladimir M Shalaev, Jeffrey Simon, Colton Fruhling, Guangzhen Shen, Dino Novko, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Hrvoje Petek, Vahagn Mkhitaryan, Renwen Yu, Alejandro Manjavacas, J Enrique Ortega, Xu Cheng, Ruijuan Tian, Dong Mao, Dries Van Thourhout, Xuetao Gan, Qing Dai, Aaron Sternbach, You Zhou, Mohammad Hafezi, Dmitrii Litvinov, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Kostya S Novoselov, Maciej Koperski, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Lukas Novotny, Leonardo Viti, Miriam Serena Vitiello, Nathan D Cottam, Benjamin T Dewes, Oleg Makarovsky, Amalia Patanè, Yihao Song, Mingyang Cai, Jiazhen Chen, Doron Naveh, Houk Jang, Suji Park, Fengnian Xia, Philipp K Jenke, Josip Bajo, Benjamin Braun, Kenneth S Burch, Liuyan Zhao, Xiaodong Xu

Triggered by the development of exfoliation and the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals currently constitute a wide research field protruding in multiple directions in combination with layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary collection of those directions, where 2D materials contribute with polaritons of unique characteristics such as strong spatial confinement, large optical-field enhancement, long lifetimes, high sensitivity to external stimuli (eg, electric and magnetic fields, heating, and strain), a broad spectral range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet, and hybridization with …

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Apr 2025 • Physical Review E

Solutions of first-passage time problems: A biscaling approach

Talia Baravi, David A Kessler, Eli Barkai

We study the first-passage time (FPT) problem for widespread recurrent processes in confined though large systems and present a comprehensive framework for characterizing the FPT distribution over many timescales. We find that the FPT statistics can be described by two scaling functions: one corresponds to the solution for an infinite system, and the other describes a scaling that depends on system size. We find a universal scaling relationship for the FPT moments with respect to the domain size and the source-target distance. This scaling exhibits a transition at , where is the persistence exponent. For low-order moments with , convergence occurs towards the moments of an infinite system. In contrast, the high-order moments, , can be derived from an infinite density function. The presented uniform approximation, connecting the two scaling functions, provides a description of the first …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04558

Roadmap for photonics with 2D materials

F de Abajo, DN Basov, Frank HL Koppens, Lorenzo Orsini, Matteo Ceccanti, Sebastián Castilla, Lorenzo Cavicchi, Marco Polini, PAD Gonçalves, AT Costa, NMR Peres, N Asger Mortensen, Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob, PJ Schuck, AN Pasupathy, Milan Delor, MK Liu, Aitor Mugarza, Pablo Merino, Marc G Cuxart, Emigdio Chávez-Angel, Martin Svec, Luiz HG Tizei, Florian Dirnberger, Hui Deng, Christian Schneider, Vinod Menon, Thorsten Deilmann, Alexey Chernikov, Kristian S Thygesen, Yohannes Abate, Mauricio Terrones, Vinod K Sangwan, Mark C Hersam, Leo Yu, Xueqi Chen, Tony F Heinz, Puneet Murthy, Martin Kroner, Tomasz Smolenski, Deepankur Thureja, Thibault Chervy, Armando Genco, Chiara Trovatello, Giulio Cerullo, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Timmer, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Nianze Shang, Hao Hong, Kaihui Liu, Zhipei Sun, Lee A Rozema, Philip Walther, Andrea Alù, Michele Cotrufo, Raquel Queiroz, X-Y Zhu, Joel D Cox, Eduardo JC Dias, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Fadil Iyikanat, Andrea Marini, Paul Herrmann, Nele Tornow, Sebastian Klimmer, Jan Wilhelm, Giancarlo Soavi, Zeyuan Sun, Shiwei Wu, Ying Xiong, Oles Matsyshyn, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Justin CW Song, Tomer Bucher, Alexey Gorlach, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer, Julian Schwab, Florian Mangold, Harald Giessen, M Sánchez Sánchez, DK Efetov, T Low, G Gómez-Santos, T Stauber, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Luis Martín-Moreno, Alexander Paarmann, Joshua D Caldwell, Alexey Y Nikitin, Pablo Alonso-González, Niclas S Mueller, Valentyn Volkov, Deep Jariwala, Timur Shegai, Jorik van de Groep, Alexandra Boltasseva, Igor V Bondarev, Vladimir M Shalaev, Jeffrey Simon, Colton Fruhling, Guangzhen Shen, Dino Novko, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Hrvoje Petek, Vahagn Mkhitaryan, Renwen Yu, Alejandro Manjavacas, J Enrique Ortega, Xu Cheng, Ruijuan Tian, Dong Mao, Dries Van Thourhout, Xuetao Gan, Qing Dai, Aaron Sternbach, You Zhou, Mohammad Hafezi, Dmitrii Litvinov, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Kostya S Novoselov, Maciej Koperski, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Lukas Novotny, Leonardo Viti, Miriam Serena Vitiello, Nathan D Cottam, Benjamin T Dewes, Oleg Makarovsky, Amalia Patanè, Yihao Song, Mingyang Cai, Jiazhen Chen, Doron Naveh, Houk Jang, Suji Park, Fengnian Xia, Philipp K Jenke, Josip Bajo, Benjamin Braun, Kenneth S Burch, Liuyan Zhao, Xiaodong Xu

Triggered by the development of exfoliation and the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals currently constitute a wide research field protruding in multiple directions in combination with layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary collection of those directions, where 2D materials contribute with polaritons of unique characteristics such as strong spatial confinement, large optical-field enhancement, long lifetimes, high sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., electric and magnetic fields, heating, and strain), a broad spectral range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet, and hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures. The explosion of photonics with 2D materials as a vibrant research area is producing breakthroughs, including the discovery and design of new materials and metasurfaces with unprecedented properties as well as applications in integrated photonics, light emission, optical sensing, and exciting prospects for applications in quantum information, and nanoscale thermal transport. This Roadmap summarizes the state of the art in the field, identifies challenges and opportunities, and discusses future goals and how to meet them through a wide collection of topical sections prepared by leading practitioners.

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Apr 2025 • ACS Omega

Enantioselective Crystallization on Chiral Hybrid Magnetic Polymeric Particles

Yarden Ben Moshe, Meir Abuaf, Chen Mordechai, Amos Sharoni, Yitzhak Mastai

A new class of Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles was fabricated for chiral resolution by enantioselective crystallization. N-Acryloyl-l/d-Phe methyl ester beads were prepared with controlled sizes and coated with ferromagnetic permalloy. Chiral discrimination by enantiopure d-Ala crystals was investigated in a model for racemic crystallization. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry support the crystallization of the particles. Analysis of optical rotation reveals a d-Ala enantiomeric excess of about 11%, effectively establishing the concept of chiral discrimination by enantioselective crystallization on these Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles.

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Apr 2025 • arXiv e-prints

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials

F Javier García de Abajo, DN Basov, Frank HL Koppens, Lorenzo Orsini, Matteo Ceccanti, Sebastián Castilla, Lorenzo Cavicchi, Marco Polini, PAD Gonçalves, AT Costa, NMR Peres, N Asger Mortensen, Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob, PJ Schuck, AN Pasupathy, Milan Delor, MK Liu, Aitor Mugarza, Pablo Merino, Marc G Cuxart, Emigdio Chávez-Angel, Martin Svec, Luiz HG Tizei, Florian Dirnberger, Hui Deng, Christian Schneider, Vinod Menon, Thorsten Deilmann, Alexey Chernikov, Kristian S Thygesen, Yohannes Abate, Mauricio Terrones, Vinod K Sangwan, Mark C Hersam, Leo Yu, Xueqi Chen, Tony F Heinz, Puneet Murthy, Martin Kroner, Tomasz Smolenski, Deepankur Thureja, Thibault Chervy, Armando Genco, Chiara Trovatello, Giulio Cerullo, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Timmer, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Nianze Shang, Hao Hong, Kaihui Liu, Zhipei Sun, Lee A Rozema, Philip Walther, Andrea Alù, Michele Cotrufo, Raquel Queiroz, X-Y Zhu, Joel D Cox, Eduardo JC Dias, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Fadil Iyikanat, Andrea Marini, Paul Herrmann, Nele Tornow, Sebastian Klimmer, Jan Wilhelm, Giancarlo Soavi, Zeyuan Sun, Shiwei Wu, Ying Xiong, Oles Matsyshyn, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Justin CW Song, Tomer Bucher, Alexey Gorlach, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer, Julian Schwab, Florian Mangold, Harald Giessen, M Sánchez Sánchez, DK Efetov, T Low, G Gómez-Santos, T Stauber, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Luis Martín-Moreno, Alexander Paarmann, Joshua D Caldwell, Alexey Y Nikitin, Pablo Alonso-González, Niclas S Mueller, Valentyn Volkov, Deep Jariwala, Timur Shegai, Jorik van de Groep, Alexandra Boltasseva, Igor V Bondarev, Vladimir M Shalaev, Jeffrey Simon, Colton Fruhling, Guangzhen Shen, Dino Novko, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Hrvoje Petek, Vahagn Mkhitaryan, Renwen Yu, Alejandro Manjavacas, J Enrique Ortega, Xu Cheng, Ruijuan Tian, Dong Mao, Dries Van Thourhout, Xuetao Gan, Qing Dai, Aaron Sternbach, You Zhou, Mohammad Hafezi, Dmitrii Litvinov, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Kostya S Novoselov, Maciej Koperski, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Lukas Novotny, Leonardo Viti, Miriam Serena Vitiello, Nathan D Cottam, Benjamin T Dewes, Oleg Makarovsky, Amalia Patanè, Yihao Song, Mingyang Cai, Jiazhen Chen, Doron Naveh, Houk Jang, Suji Park, Fengnian Xia, Philipp K Jenke, Josip Bajo, Benjamin Braun, Kenneth S Burch, Liuyan Zhao, Xiaodong Xu

Triggered by the development of exfoliation and the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals currently constitute a wide research field protruding in multiple directions in combination with layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary collection of those directions, where 2D materials contribute with polaritons of unique characteristics such as strong spatial confinement, large optical-field enhancement, long lifetimes, high sensitivity to external stimuli (eg, electric and magnetic fields, heating, and strain), a broad spectral range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet, and hybridization with …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04558

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials

F de Abajo, DN Basov, Frank HL Koppens, Lorenzo Orsini, Matteo Ceccanti, Sebastián Castilla, Lorenzo Cavicchi, Marco Polini, PAD Gonçalves, AT Costa, NMR Peres, N Asger Mortensen, Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob, PJ Schuck, AN Pasupathy, Milan Delor, MK Liu, Aitor Mugarza, Pablo Merino, Marc G Cuxart, Emigdio Chávez-Angel, Martin Svec, Luiz HG Tizei, Florian Dirnberger, Hui Deng, Christian Schneider, Vinod Menon, Thorsten Deilmann, Alexey Chernikov, Kristian S Thygesen, Yohannes Abate, Mauricio Terrones, Vinod K Sangwan, Mark C Hersam, Leo Yu, Xueqi Chen, Tony F Heinz, Puneet Murthy, Martin Kroner, Tomasz Smolenski, Deepankur Thureja, Thibault Chervy, Armando Genco, Chiara Trovatello, Giulio Cerullo, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Timmer, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Nianze Shang, Hao Hong, Kaihui Liu, Zhipei Sun, Lee A Rozema, Philip Walther, Andrea Alù, Michele Cotrufo, Raquel Queiroz, X-Y Zhu, Joel D Cox, Eduardo JC Dias, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Fadil Iyikanat, Andrea Marini, Paul Herrmann, Nele Tornow, Sebastian Klimmer, Jan Wilhelm, Giancarlo Soavi, Zeyuan Sun, Shiwei Wu, Ying Xiong, Oles Matsyshyn, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Justin CW Song, Tomer Bucher, Alexey Gorlach, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer, Julian Schwab, Florian Mangold, Harald Giessen, M Sánchez Sánchez, DK Efetov, T Low, G Gómez-Santos, T Stauber, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Luis Martín-Moreno, Alexander Paarmann, Joshua D Caldwell, Alexey Y Nikitin, Pablo Alonso-González, Niclas S Mueller, Valentyn Volkov, Deep Jariwala, Timur Shegai, Jorik van de Groep, Alexandra Boltasseva, Igor V Bondarev, Vladimir M Shalaev, Jeffrey Simon, Colton Fruhling, Guangzhen Shen, Dino Novko, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Hrvoje Petek, Vahagn Mkhitaryan, Renwen Yu, Alejandro Manjavacas, J Enrique Ortega, Xu Cheng, Ruijuan Tian, Dong Mao, Dries Van Thourhout, Xuetao Gan, Qing Dai, Aaron Sternbach, You Zhou, Mohammad Hafezi, Dmitrii Litvinov, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Kostya S Novoselov, Maciej Koperski, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Lukas Novotny, Leonardo Viti, Miriam Serena Vitiello, Nathan D Cottam, Benjamin T Dewes, Oleg Makarovsky, Amalia Patanè, Yihao Song, Mingyang Cai, Jiazhen Chen, Doron Naveh, Houk Jang, Suji Park, Fengnian Xia, Philipp K Jenke, Josip Bajo, Benjamin Braun, Kenneth S Burch, Liuyan Zhao, Xiaodong Xu

Triggered by the development of exfoliation and the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals currently constitute a wide research field protruding in multiple directions in combination with layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary collection of those directions, where 2D materials contribute with polaritons of unique characteristics such as strong spatial confinement, large optical-field enhancement, long lifetimes, high sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., electric and magnetic fields, heating, and strain), a broad spectral range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet, and hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures. The explosion of photonics with 2D materials as a vibrant research area is producing breakthroughs, including the discovery and design of new materials and metasurfaces with unprecedented properties as well as applications in integrated photonics, light emission, optical sensing, and exciting prospects for applications in quantum information, and nanoscale thermal transport. This Roadmap summarizes the state of the art in the field, identifies challenges and opportunities, and discusses future goals and how to meet them through a wide collection of topical sections prepared by leading practitioners.

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Apr 2025 • Cancer Research

Employing RNA base editors to engineer personalized tumor-specific neoantigens

Rona Merdler-Rabinowicz, Netanel Landesman, Eytan Ruppin, Erez Levanon

Enhancing the quantity and effectiveness of neoantigens in tumors is essential for advancing immunotherapy and developing targeted cancer vaccines. Crafting neoantigens presents a challenge due to the need to specifically modify peptide translation in tumor cells while avoiding effects on normal cells. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel method that enables the editing of selected nucleotides in the mRNA of cancer cells in order to produce potent neoantigens. The method is built on the use of Endogenous-ADAR base-editors, an established technology that allows for precise RNA-level edits, which is safer than DNA-level modifications and eliminates the need for external peptides by leveraging the native ADAR enzyme. The algorithm designs a guide RNA tailored to each tumor unique genetic profile and the patient’s HLA type, ensuring a precise and personalized approach to induce edits that are …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.18552

True Solid-State Electrical Conduction of Proteins shows them to be Efficient Transport Media

Sudipta Bera, Ayelet Vilan, Sourav Das, Israel Pecht, David Ehre, Mordechai Sheves, David Cahen

While solid-state protein junctions have shown efficient electron transport over lengths that surpass those of conventional organic semiconducting systems, interfacial or contact effects may obscure the intrinsic protein charge transport properties. Therefore, contact resistance (RC) effects need to be quantified and then minimized, which poses a problem if 4-probe geometries cannot be used. Here we show how RC can be extracted quantitatively from the measured junction resistance (RP) by using the extrapolated zero-length resistance (RZLR) and short-circuit resistance (RS). We used AC (impedance spectroscopy) and DC measurements to examine charge transport in junctions of human serum albumin (HSA) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) films with varying thicknesses. Three contact configurations, Si-Au, Au-EGaIn, and, in a micropore device (MpD), Au-Pd, were compared. While Si-Au and Au-EGaIn junctions exhibit substantial RC that we ascribe to interfacial oxides and electrostatic protein-electrode interactions, MpD effectively eliminates RC, enabling measuring the intrinsic electron transport across HSA and bR films. The exponential length dependence of RP shows a transport decay constant (beta) that varies with interfacial conditions, underscoring the role of contact engineering. By minimizing RC, exceptionally low beta values (0.7 to 1.1 per nm) are found, proving that, indeed, proteins can have outstanding charge transport efficiencies.

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Apr 2025 • Materials Today Bio

Smart bactericidal textile enabling in-situ visual assessment of antimicrobial activity

Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova, Josune Jimenez Ezenarro, Kristina Ivanova, Óscar Calvo, Ilana Perelshtein, Giulio Gorni, Ana Cristina Reguera, Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Maria Blanes, Núria Vigués, Jordi Mas, Aharon Gedanken, Tzanko Tzanov, Gonzalo Guirado, Xavier Muñoz-Berbel

Hospital fabrics and wound dressings with antibacterial properties are essential to minimize infection risks associated with bacterial colonization of textiles. A key challenge of these materials lies in the difficulty in assessing their functional lifespan. Integrating bacterial-sensing elements into smart textiles enables real-time and in-situ evaluation of antibacterial activity. However, this approach is often hindered by the reactivity between bactericidal and bacterial-sensing components, the limited stability and selectivity of the sensing probes, and high production costs. Here, we address these challenges by presenting a smart textile that simultaneously provides antibacterial activity and bacterial-sensing capacity using a layer-by-layer sonochemical deposition method. Prussian blue, a chromogenic bacterial-sensing probe, is integrated onto hospital-grade antibacterial fabrics containing copper oxide nanoparticles …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.05000

Energy Gap Modulation in Proximitized Superconducting Puddles of Graphene

Yuxiao Wu, Udit Khanna, Eyal Walach, Efrat Shimshoni, Aviad Frydman

We investigated proximity-induced superconductivity in a graphene-insulating InO bilayer system through gate-controlled transport measurements. Distinct oscillations in the differential conductance are observed across both the electron and hole doping regimes, with oscillation amplitudes increasing as the chemical potential moves away from the Dirac point. These findings are explained using a theoretical model of a normal-superconductor-normal (NSN) junction, which addresses reflection and transmission probabilities at normal incidence. From this model, we extract key parameters for the proximitized graphene, including the superconducting energy gap Delta and the effective length scale Ls of the superconducting regions. Near the Dirac point, we observe a minimal Ls and a maximal Delta, aligning with the theory that the gap in strongly disordered superconductors increases as the coherence length of localized pairs decreases. This suggests that spatial confinement in a low-density superconductor leads to an effective increase in the superconducting gap.

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04460

Pressure Induced Anomalous Metal in the Vicinity of the Superconductor Insulator Transition

Roy G Cohen Song, Mark Nikolaevsky, Amitay Cohen, Ran Salem, Shamashis Sengupta, Claire A Marrache-Kikuchi, Aviad Frydman

The Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) in two-dimensional superconductors occurs due to a competition between superconductivity, quantum interferences, Coulomb interactions and disorder. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental investigation, the SIT remains an active research area due to the potential for exotic phases near the transition. One such phase is the Anomalous Metal, which has been claimed to exist between the insulating and superconducting states. This elusive phase, which is not consistent with current theories, is under heavy deliberations nowadays. We present an experimental study of the effect of high pressure on thin films of amorphous indium oxide. Our results show that pressure induces a series of transitions from a Bose insulator through a superconducting phase, metallic phases and finally to a conventional insulator. We suggest that our findings reaffirm the existence of a two-dimensional metal close to the SIT and show that its occurrence requires relatively strong coupling between regions that are weakly superconducting.

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Apr 2025 • Advanced Materials Technologies

Dynamic Fluid‐Assisted Continuous Multimaterial 3D Printing for Seamless Gradient Structures

Wenbo Wang, Siying Liu, Luyang Liu, Xukun Ma, Cauê Nogueira, Xin Xu, Orit Shefi, Jessica Lancaster, Xiangfan Chen

Functionally gradient materials emulate nature's ability to seamlessly blend properties through variations in material composition, unlocking advanced engineering applications such as biomedical devices and high‐performance composites. Additive manufacturing, particularly stereolithography, enables sophisticated 3D geometries with diverse materials. However, current stereolithography‐based multi‐material 3D printing is constrained by time‐intensive material switching and compromised interfacial properties. To overcome these challenges, we present dynamic fluid‐assisted micro continuous liquid interface production (DF‐µCLIP), a high‐speed multi‐material 3D printing platform that integrates varying compositions in a fully continuous fashion. By utilizing the polymerization‐free “dead zone”, vliquid resins are seamlessly replenished within a resin bath equipped with dynamic fluidic channels and a …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.02982

Inferring scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Data from Atomic Force Microscopy Images

Stefan G Stanciu, Stefan R Anton, Denis E Tranca, George A Stanciu, Bogdan Ionescu, Zeev Zalevsky, Binyamin Kusnetz, Jeremy Belhassen, Avi Karsenty, Gabriella Cincotti

Optical nanoscopy is crucial in life and materials sciences, revealing subtle cellular processes and nanomaterial properties. Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) provides nanoscale resolution, relying on the interactions taking place between a laser beam, a sharp tip and the sample. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a fundamental part of an s-SNOM system, providing the necessary probe-sample feedback mechanisms for data acquisition. In this Letter, we demonstrate that s-SNOM data can be partially inferred from AFM images. We first show that a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model (pix2pix) can generate synthetic s-SNOM data from experimental AFM images. Second, we demonstrate that virtual s-SNOM data can be extrapolated from knowledge of the tip position and, consequently, from AFM signals. To this end, we introduce an analytical model that explains the mechanisms underlying AFM-to-s-SNOM image translation. These insights have the potential to be integrated into future physics-informed explainable AI models. The two proposed approaches generate pseudo s-SNOM data without direct optical measurements, significantly expanding access to optical nanoscopy through widely available AFM systems. This advancement holds great promise for reducing both time and costs associated with nanoscale imaging.

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Apr 2025 • ACS Applied Energy Materials

Theoretical Study on High-Entropy Oxyfluoride Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Khorsed Alam, Akanksha Joshi, Amreen Bano, Malachi Noked, Dan Thomas Major

High-entropy (HE) materials comprise a family of emerging solid-state materials, where multiple elements can occupy the same lattice positions and therefore enhance the configurational entropy. HE oxides (HEOs) can mitigate challenges facing layered cathode materials, such as capacity fading, and facilitate long-term cyclability. However, the mechanism behind the effect of HE on electrochemical properties is still poorly understood. In the current work, we employed classical force field and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to gain atomistic-level understanding of the thermodynamic and electrochemical features of a family of recently developed high-entropy oxyfluoride (HEO-F) cathode materials with the general formula NaxLi1–xMO1.9F0.1 (M ∈ Ni, Fe, Mn, Ti, Mg; x = 1.0, 0.9, 0.8). We used Monte Carlo simulated annealing (MCSA) in conjunction with classical force fields to determine …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10288

Noise2Ghost: Self-supervised deep convolutional reconstruction for ghost imaging

Mathieu Manni, Dmitry Karpov, K Joost Batenburg, Sharon Shwartz, Nicola Viganò

We present a new self-supervised deep-learning-based Ghost Imaging (GI) reconstruction method, which provides unparalleled reconstruction performance for noisy acquisitions among unsupervised methods. We present the supporting mathematical framework and results from theoretical and real data use cases. Self-supervision removes the need for clean reference data while offering strong noise reduction. This provides the necessary tools for addressing signal-to-noise ratio concerns for GI acquisitions in emerging and cutting-edge low-light GI scenarios. Notable examples include micro- and nano-scale x-ray emission imaging, e.g., x-ray fluorescence imaging of dose-sensitive samples. Their applications include in-vivo and in-operando case studies for biological samples and batteries.

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Apr 2025 • arXiv e-prints

Pressure Induced Anomalous Metal in the Vicinity of the Superconductor Insulator Transition

Roy G Cohen Song, Mark Nikolaevsky, Amitay Cohen, Ran Salem, Shamashis Sengupta, Claire A Marrache-Kikuchi, Aviad Frydman

The Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) in two-dimensional superconductors occurs due to a competition between superconductivity, quantum interferences, Coulomb interactions and disorder. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental investigation, the SIT remains an active research area due to the potential for exotic phases near the transition. One such phase is the Anomalous Metal, which has been claimed to exist between the insulating and superconducting states. This elusive phase, which is not consistent with current theories, is under heavy deliberations nowadays. We present an experimental study of the effect of high pressure on thin films of amorphous indium oxide. Our results show that pressure induces a series of transitions from a Bose insulator through a superconducting phase, metallic phases and finally to a conventional insulator. We suggest that our findings reaffirm the existence …

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Mar 2025 • Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII, PC1333808, 2025

Multimodal imaging of RNA and proteins with super-resolution in intact brain organoids

Alexandra Glick, Shahar Alon, Noam Feldman, Gad Vatine, Kfir Varshawski

Using pluripotent stem cells from patients, it is now possible to create three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids that can be used in the study of neurological disorders. However, measuring the molecular content of 3D organoids is still a challenge, limiting the usability of organoids. Here we demonstrate the first multiplexed super-resolved characterization of intact brain organoids, using a combination of expansion microscopy, serial protein staining, expansion sequencing and enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations. Overall, without special hardware or dyes, we obtain resolution improvement of ~10x, and perform highly multiplexed and super-resolved RNA and protein interrogation of intact brain organoids.

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Mar 2025 • Nature Medicine

Author Correction: A multi-modal single-cell and spatial expression map of metastatic breast cancer biopsies across clinicopathological features

Johanna Klughammer, Daniel L Abravanel, Åsa Segerstolpe, Timothy R Blosser, Yury Goltsev, Yi Cui, Daniel R Goodwin, Anubhav Sinha, Orr Ashenberg, Michal Slyper, Sébastien Vigneau, Judit Jané‐Valbuena, Shahar Alon, Chiara Caraccio, Judy Chen, Ofir Cohen, Nicole Cullen, Laura K DelloStritto, Danielle Dionne, Janet Files, Allison Frangieh, Karla Helvie, Melissa E Hughes, Stephanie Inga, Abhay Kanodia, Ana Lako, Colin MacKichan, Simon Mages, Noa Moriel, Evan Murray, Sara Napolitano, Kyleen Nguyen, Mor Nitzan, Rebecca Ortiz, Miraj Patel, Kathleen L Pfaff, Caroline BM Porter, Asaf Rotem, Sarah Strauss, Robert Strasser, Aaron R Thorner, Madison Turner, Isaac Wakiro, Julia Waldman, Jingyi Wu, Jorge Gómez Tejeda Zañudo, Diane Zhang, Nancy U Lin, Sara M Tolaney, Eric P Winer, Edward S Boyden, Fei Chen, Garry P Nolan, Scott J Rodig, Xiaowei Zhuang, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Bruce E Johnson, Aviv Regev, Nikhil Wagle

In the version of the article initially published, the text “We gratefully acknowledge LMU Klinikum for providing computing resources on their Clinical Open Research Engine (CORE), the Bioinformatic Core Facility of the Biomedical Center Munich for providing computing resources on their HPC system, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) funded CRC237 and CRC274 for additional support” was missing from the Acknowledgements section and has now been added to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

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Mar 2025 • Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII, PC1333807, 2025

Super-resolved interrogation of molecules within thick brain tissues using expansion sequencing

Shahar Alon

Molecular characterization of brain tissues using optical methods present a problem of scale: brain tissues are intrinsically three-dimensional structures, with thickness of at least hundreds of micrometers; but nanoscale interrogation is needed to characterize molecules within neurites and synapses. Additionally, multiplexed interrogation of molecules is needed to characterize cell types and states inside brain tissues, and to detect deficiencies in neurological conditions. Currently, multiplexed imaging of molecules inside brain tissues is limited to thin sections, and almost impossible with super-resolution. Here we demonstrate multiplexed super-resolved characterization of thick brain tissues: complete fruit fly brain, human brain organoids, and mouse cortex.

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Mar 2025 • Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII …, 2025

Design Photonics Materials and Devices Inspired by Nature

Ana Almeida, Martin Lopez Garcia, Maria Godinho, Vladimir Katanaev, Nicolina Pop, Maurizio Dabbicco, George A Mousdis, Ahu Gumrah Parry, Panagiotis E Keivanidis, Dragan Indjin, Jelena Radovanovic, Paweł Wityk, Dror Fixler, Malgorzata Szczerska

Many biological surfaces display complex micro- and nano-scale structures that serve diverse purposes, such as anti-reflective effects, structural coloration, resistance to fouling, and either promoting or preventing adhesion. These unique properties have spurred the development of numerous industrial applications. In recent years, interest in this field has grown significantly, driven by the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to study these structured biological surfaces. The integration of zoology and botany with breakthroughs in genetics and molecular biology is remarkable, as biologists increasingly work alongside nanotechnologists, materials scientists, and engineers. This interdisciplinary collaboration plays a crucial role in advancing research on micro- and nano-structured biological surfaces, paving the way for biomimetic and bioengineering innovations across multiple industries.

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Mar 2025 • Journal of Clinical Medicine

Gold-Nanoparticles Reflectance Discriminates Benign from Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Shiran Sudri, Irit Allon, Ilana Kaplan, Abraham Hirshberg, Dror Fixler, Imad Abu El-Naaj

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles conjugated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (GNPs-EGFR) in distinguishing between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Methods A total of 49 oral salivary gland tissue samples were analyzed, including 22 malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs), 15 benign salivary gland tumors (BSGTs), and 12 control samples. For each sample, three 5 μm consecutive tissue sections were prepared. The first section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to confirm the diagnosis, the second was immunohistochemically stained for anti-EGFR, and the third was treated with GNPs-EGFR followed by hyperspectral microscopy to analyze the reflectance spectrum. Results Reflectance intensity was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in MSGTs compared to BSGTs and controls, with intensity levels increasing alongside tumor grade. The average hyperspectral reflectance values were strongly correlated with the GNPs-EGFR immunohistochemical score and varied significantly between subgroups (p < 0.001). Conclusions GNPs-EGFR reflection measurements effectively differentiate MSGTs from BSGTs with high sensitivity. This diffusion–reflection technique holds potential as a valuable tool for tumor detection, surgical margin assessment, and intraoperative identification of residual disease in salivary gland tumors. Objectives Methods Results Conclusions

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