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Jul 2024 • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A

Continuous wave laser-assisted evaporation of halide perovskite thin films from a single stoichiometric source

Naga Prathibha Jasti, Shay Tirosh, Ansuman Halder, Eti Teblum, David Cahen

We report continuous wave laser-assisted evaporation (CLE), a thin film deposition technique that yields phase-pure and stoichiometric thin films of halide perovskites (HaPs) from stoichiometric HaP targets. We use methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr 3) to demonstrate the ability to grow with CLE well-oriented and smooth thin films on various substrates. Further, we show the broader applicability of CLE by preparing films of several other 3D HaP compounds, viz., methylammonium lead iodide, formamidinium lead bromide, and a 2D one, butylammonium lead iodide. CLE is a single-source, solvent-free, room-temperature process that needs only roughing pump vacuum; it allows the deposition of hybrid organic-inorganic compound films without needing post-thermal treatment or an additional organic precursor source to yield the intended product. The resulting films are polycrystalline and highly oriented. All …

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Jul 2024 • Scientific Reports

Exploring the effects of molecular beam epitaxy growth characteristics on the temperature performance of state-of-the-art terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Nathalie Lander Gower, Shiran Levy, Silvia Piperno, Sadhvikas J Addamane, Asaf Albo


Jul 2024 • Nature Biotechnology

Precise in vivo RNA base editing with a wobble-enhanced circular CLUSTER guide RNA

Philipp Reautschnig, Carolin Fruhner, Nicolai Wahn, Charlotte P Wiegand, Sabrina Kragness, John F Yung, Daniel T Hofacker, Jenna Fisk, Michelle Eidelman, Nils Waffenschmidt, Maximilian Feige, Laura S Pfeiffer, Annika E Schulz, Yvonne Füll, Erez Y Levanon, Gail Mandel, Thorsten Stafforst

Recruiting the endogenous editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) with tailored guide RNAs for adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA base editing is promising for safely manipulating genetic information at the RNA level. However, the precision and efficiency of editing are often compromised by bystander off-target editing. Here, we find that in 5′-UAN triplets, which dominate bystander editing, G•U wobble base pairs effectively mitigate off-target events while maintaining high on-target efficiency. This strategy is universally applicable to existing A-to-I RNA base-editing systems and complements other suppression methods such as G•A mismatches and uridine (U) depletion. Combining wobble base pairing with a circularized format of the CLUSTER approach achieves highly precise and efficient editing (up to 87%) of a disease-relevant mutation in the Mecp2 transcript in cell culture. Virus …

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Jul 2024 • Journal of Power Sources

Optimisation and effect of ionomer loading on porous Fe–N–C-based proton exchange membrane fuel cells probed by emerging electrochemical methods

Angus Pedersen, Rifael Z Snitkoff-Sol, Yan Presman, Jesús Barrio, Rongsheng Cai, Theo Suter, Guangmeimei Yang, Sarah J Haigh, Dan Brett, Rhodri Jervis, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Ifan EL Stephens, Lior Elbaz

The next generation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require a substantial reduction or elimination of Pt-based electrocatalyst from the cathode, where O2 reduction takes place. The most promising alternative to Pt is atomic Fe embedded in N-doped C (Fe–N–C). Successful incorporation of Fe–N–C in PEMFCs relies on a thorough understanding of the catalyst layer properties, both ex situ and in situ, with tailored electrode interface engineering. To help resolve this conundrum, we provide a quantitative protocol on the optimisation of I/C for Fe–N–Cs. It is demonstrated that a high pore volume (3.33 cm3 g−1FeNC) Fe–N–C catalyst requires a sufficiently high ionomer to catalyst mass ratio (I/C, 2.8≤I/C ≤ 4.2) for optimum PEMFC activity under H2/O2. Emerging electrochemical techniques (distribution of relaxation times and Fourier transformed alternating current voltammetry) were used to …

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Jul 2024 • Optics & Laser Technology

Cepstrum-based interferometric microscopy (CIM) for quantitative phase imaging

Ricardo Rubio-Oliver, Javier García, Zeev Zalevsky, José Ángel Picazo-Bueno, Vicente Micó

A universal methodology for coding-decoding the complex amplitude field of an imaged sample in coherent microscopy is presented, where no restrictions on any of the two interferometric beams are required. Thus, the imaging beam can be overlapped with, in general, any other complex amplitude distribution and, in particular, with a coherent and shifted version of itself considering two orthogonal directions. The complex field values are retrieved by a novel Cepstrum-based algorithm, named as Spatial-Shifting Cepstrum (SSC), based on a weighted subtraction of the Cepstrum transform in the cross-correlation term of the object field spectrum in addition with the generation of a complex pupil from the combination of the information retrieved from different holographic recordings (one in horizontal and one in vertical direction) where one of the interferometric beams is shifted 1 pixel. As a result, the field of view is …

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Jul 2024 • ACS Applied Energy Materials

Bismuth (III) Coordination Linkage with Dimercaptothiadiazole: A p-Type Metallopolymer Photocathode Stable in Protic Electrolytes

Sarada K Gopinathan, Prashanth Vishwa, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Iranna Udachyan, Sakthivel Kandaiah

Visible light-active photoelectrode materials that can exhibit simultaneous photo- and electroactivity are essential for photoelectrosynthesis. Herein, we report a coordination metallo-organic system based on bismuth with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) as a linker ligand, which displays a p-type behavior with stable photoelectroactivity in neutral and protic electrolytes. The UV–visible spectral investigation reveals the systematic bathochromic shift with a gradual increment in the concentration of the Bi3+ ions to DMcT and the bandgap of 1.7 eV. The XPS, Raman, and FT-IR spectral data suggest the presence of a −S–Bi–S– linkage in the c-Bi-DMcT coordination polymeric structures. A photocathode prepared by electrooxidation shows a relatively less bismuth content with a disulfide linkage and lower photoactivity compared with c-Bi-DMcT prepared by chemical synthesis. The observed photocurrent values …

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Jul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.08899

Directed Motion and Spatial Coherence in the Cell Nucleus

M Hidalgo-Soria, Y Haddad, E Barkai, Y Garini, S Burov

Investigating the dynamics of chromatin and the factors that are affecting it, has provided valuable insights into the organization and functionality of the genome in the cell nucleus. We control the expression of Lamin-A, an important organizer protein of the chromatin and nucleus structure. By simultaneously tracking tens of chromosomal loci (telomeres) in each nucleus, we find that the motion of chromosomal loci in Lamin-A depleted cells is both faster and more directed on a scale of a few micrometers, which coincides with the size of chromosome territories. Moreover, in the absence of Lamin-A we reveal the existence of correlations among neighboring telomeres. We show how these pairwise correlations are linked with the intermittent and persistent character of telomere trajectories, underscoring the importance of Lamin-A protein in chromosomal organization.

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Jul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.01874

Nonrelativistic spatiotemporal quantum reference frames

Michael Suleymanov, Ismael L Paiva, Eliahu Cohen

Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special attention. Here, we introduce and analyze a non-relativistic framework in which each system contains an internal clock, in addition to its external (spatial) degree of freedom and, hence, can be used as a spatiotemporal quantum reference frame. Among other applications of this framework, we show that even in simple scenarios with no interactions, the relative uncertainty between clocks affects the relative spatial spread of the systems.

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Jul 2024 • Advanced Quantum Technologies

Back Cover: Photon Number Splitting Attack–Proposal and Analysis of an Experimental Scheme (Adv. Quantum Technol. 7/2024)

Ariel Ashkenazy, Yuval Idan, Dor Korn, Dror Fixler, Barak Dayan, Eliahu Cohen

Depicted is a novel setup for realizing the photon number splitting (PNS) attack with current-day technology, namely, using the single-photon Raman interaction. In article number 2300437, Eliahu Cohen and co-workers analyze the amount of information which the eavesdropper (Eve) can obtain using this physical realization of PNS, concluding that while part of the secret key is at risk when weak coherent states are used, there is still a price for Eve to pay in terms of the induced noise. This stresses the importance of proper countermeasures.

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Jul 2024 • Polymers

Engineering of Silane–Pyrrolidone Nano/Microparticles and Anti-Fogging Thin Coatings

Natalie Mounayer, Shlomo Margel

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) exhibits remarkable qualities; owing to the strong affinity for water of its pyrrolidone group, which enhances compatibility with aqueous systems, it is effective for stabilizing, binding, or carrying food, drugs, and cosmetics. However, coating the surface of polymeric films with PVP is not practical, as the coatings dissolve easily in water and ethanol. Poly(silane–pyrrolidone) nano/microparticles were prepared by combining addition polymerization of methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane and N-vinylpyrrolidone, followed by step-growth Stöber polymerization of the formed silane–pyrrolidone monomer. The silane–pyrrolidone monomeric solution was spread on oxidized polyethylene films with a Mayer rod and polymerized to form siloxane (Si-O-Si) self-cross-linked durable anti-fog thin coatings with pyrrolidone groups exposed on the outer surface. The coatings exhibited similar wetting properties to PVP with significantly greater stability. The particles and coatings were characterized by microscopy, contact angle measurements, and spectroscopy, and tested using hot fog. Excellent anti-fogging activity was found.

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Jul 2024 • Carbon

Carbon nanotubes as efficient anode current collectors for stationary aqueous Zn–Br2 batteries

Noam Levi, Gil Bergman, Amey Nimkar, Merav Nadav Tsubery, Arie Borenstein, Alex Adronov, Doron Aurbach, Daniel Sharon, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Netanel Shpigel

Static Zn-Br2 batteries are considered an attractive option for cost-effective and high-capacity systems for large energy storage. Yet, the corrosive nature of the Zn-Br2 electrolytes entails a careful selection of all cells’ ingredients to avoid rapid degradation of the batteries upon cycling. Thanks to their high chemical resistance and excellent conductivity, carbonaceous electrodes are typically utilized as current collectors for the cathode side, while thin Zn or Ti foils are most widely used as the anodes’ current collectors. However, these metals tend to corrode fast, thus undermining the desirable performance of the cells as durable and stable rechargeable batteries. We demonstrate the effective utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) films as highly stable anode current collector for Zn-Br2 batteries. Dispersion of the CNT beforehand in slurries containing anionic, cationic, or neutral surfactants yielded distinct chemical and …

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Jul 2024 • 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-1, 2024

Quantum-adapted all-optical time multiplexing super-resolved imaging

Ariel Ashkenazy, Nadav Shabairou, Dror Fixler, Eliahu Cohen, Zeev Zalevsky

In this presentation we explore a novel scheme for super-resolution that can also be adjusted for quantum sensing case. The scheme is sharing the same ideas of time-multiplexing followed by spatial homodyne detection. In the proposed super-resolving approach, the super resolution is performed without knowing the projected random encoding pattern (i.e. projected on the object) since the decoding is done in an-all optical manner and not in digital post-processing. This is obtained since the same random projected pattern is projected both on the object as well as on the sensing detector. Due to the non-linearity of the detector (it captures intensity) a product between the low-resolution image and the projected high resolution encoding pattern is generated, which is essential for the decoding process. By performing time integration while modifying the projected encoding pattern, a super-resolved image is decoded …

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Jul 2024 • 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-1, 2024

Quantum-adapted all-optical time multiplexing super-resolved imaging

Ariel Ashkenazy, Nadav Shabairou, Dror Fixler, Eliahu Cohen, Zeev Zalevsky

In this presentation we explore a novel scheme for super-resolution that can also be adjusted for quantum sensing case. The scheme is sharing the same ideas of time-multiplexing followed by spatial homodyne detection. In the proposed super-resolving approach, the super resolution is performed without knowing the projected random encoding pattern (i.e. projected on the object) since the decoding is done in an-all optical manner and not in digital post-processing. This is obtained since the same random projected pattern is projected both on the object as well as on the sensing detector. Due to the non-linearity of the detector (it captures intensity) a product between the low-resolution image and the projected high resolution encoding pattern is generated, which is essential for the decoding process. By performing time integration while modifying the projected encoding pattern, a super-resolved image is decoded …

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Jul 2024 • Sensors

Planar Hall Effect Magnetic Sensors with Extended Field Range

Daniel Lahav, Moty Schultz, Shai Amrusi, Asaf Grosz, Lior Klein

The magnetic field range in which a magnetic sensor operates is an important consideration for many applications. Elliptical planar Hall effect (EPHE) sensors exhibit outstanding equivalent magnetic noise (EMN) on the order of pT/Hz, which makes them promising for many applications. Unfortunately, the current field range in which EPHE sensors with pT/Hz EMN can operate is sub-mT, which limits their potential use. Here, we fabricate EPHE sensors with an increased field range and measure their EMN. The larger field range is obtained by increasing the uniaxial shape-induced anisotropy parallel to the long axis of the ellipse. We present measurements of EPHE sensors with magnetic anisotropy which ranges between 12 Oe and 120 Oe and show that their EMN at 10 Hz changes from 800 pT/Hz to 56 nT/Hz. Furthermore, we show that the EPHE sensors behave effectively as single magnetic domains with negligible hysteresis. We discuss the potential use of EPHE sensors with extended field range and compare them with sensors that are widely used in such applications.

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Jul 2024 • Development

From promoter motif to cardiac function: a single DPE motif affects transcription regulation and organ function in vivo

Anna Sloutskin, Dekel Itzhak, Georg Vogler, Hadar Pozeilov, Diana Ideses, Hadar Alter, Orit Adato, Hadar Shachar, Tirza Doniger, Galit Shohat-Ophir, Manfred Frasch, Rolf Bodmer, Sascha H Duttke, Tamar Juven-Gershon

Transcription initiates at the core promoter, which contains distinct core promoter elements. Here, we highlight the complexity of transcriptional regulation by outlining the effect of core promoter-dependent regulation on embryonic development and the proper function of an organism. We demonstrate in vivo the importance of the downstream core promoter element (DPE) in complex heart formation in Drosophila. Pioneering a novel approach using both CRISPR and nascent transcriptomics, we show the effects of mutating a single core promoter element within the natural context. Specifically, we targeted the downstream core promoter element (DPE) of the endogenous tin gene, encoding the Tinman transcription factor, a homologue of human NKX2-5 associated with congenital heart diseases. The 7 bp substitution mutation results in massive perturbation of the Tinman regulatory network that orchestrates dorsal …

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Jul 2024 • Polymers

Engineering of Silane–Pyrrolidone Nano/Microparticles and Anti-Fogging Thin Coatings

Natalie Mounayer, Shlomo Margel

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) exhibits remarkable qualities; owing to the strong affinity for water of its pyrrolidone group, which enhances compatibility with aqueous systems, it is effective for stabilizing, binding, or carrying food, drugs, and cosmetics. However, coating the surface of polymeric films with PVP is not practical, as the coatings dissolve easily in water and ethanol. Poly(silane–pyrrolidone) nano/microparticles were prepared by combining addition polymerization of methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane and N-vinylpyrrolidone, followed by step-growth Stöber polymerization of the formed silane–pyrrolidone monomer. The silane–pyrrolidone monomeric solution was spread on oxidized polyethylene films with a Mayer rod and polymerized to form siloxane (Si-O-Si) self-cross-linked durable anti-fog thin coatings with pyrrolidone groups exposed on the outer surface. The coatings exhibited similar wetting properties to PVP with significantly greater stability. The particles and coatings were characterized by microscopy, contact angle measurements, and spectroscopy, and tested using hot fog. Excellent anti-fogging activity was found.

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Jul 2024 • Journal of Molecular Structure 1297, 136943, 2024

Probing chirality of crystals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy

Gil Otis, Denial Aias, Ilya Grinberg, Sharon Ruthstein, Yitzhak Mastai

One of the most challenging tasks in analytical chemistry is the determination of the chirality (identi cation of an enantio-meric composition) in solids mainly because of the strict requirements of the pharmaceutical industry for enantiomerically pure drugs. Although there are a few methods available to accomplish enantio-differentiation in solids, for example: X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), CD spectroscopy, and low-frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy, this is still very challenging. In this work, we have developed a new method to measure the chirality of crystals, based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of chiral crystals doped with Cu2+ as the EPR active ion. Here, we demonstrate our approach using a model system of L-and DL-Histidine crystals doped with Cu2+. We show that EPR measurements of the Cu2+-doped Histidine crystals can accurately determine the chirality and enantiomeric composition of the crystals. We present a very preliminary example of this technique, and we hope that in the future it will be possible to re ne and develop this method for many other chiral organic crystal systems.

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Jul 2024 • Desalination

A single-electrode evaluation method used for analyzing the working mechanism and capability of integrated membrane capacitive deionization

Qinghao Wu, Qifeng Wang, Chen Yu, Shanfu Lu, Kun Lin, Yan Xiang, Kuichang Zuo, Doron Aurbach, Dawei Liang

The evaluation of capacitive deionization (CDI) often relies on indicators like salt adsorption capacity and rate. However, these indicators encompass the entire system, including the anode and cathode. In practice scenarios, differences in specific capacitance, weight, and potential of zero charge result in varying theoretical ion adsorption capacity (IAC) and electrode potential. Hence, it is crucial to assess the deionization performance of individual electrodes. In this study, by introducing a reference electrode into the desalination device and enhancing the effective area and mass loading of the counter electrode, a single-electrode evaluation device was established to specifically analyze the deionization performance of the working electrode. Through this evaluation method, the single-electrode deionization performances of the anodic and cathodic integrated membrane electrodes (IMEs) were investigated …

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Jul 2024 • Frontiers in Biomaterials Science 3, 1338115, 2024

Correlated multimodal imaging in life sciences: lessons learnt

Pavitra Sokke Rudraiah, Rafael Camacho, Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez, Dror Fixler, Jan Grimm, Florian Gruber, Matúš Kalaš, Christopher Kremslehner, Claudia Kuntner, Daniela Kuzdas-Wood, Joakim Lindblad, Julia G Mannheim, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux, Paula Sampaio, Peter Sandbichler, Anna Sartori-Rupp, Nataša Sladoje, Paul Verkade, Andreas Walter, Samuele Zoratto

Correlated Multimodal Imaging (CMI) gathers information about the same specimen with two or more modalities that–combined–create a composite and complementary view of the sample (including insights into structure, function, dynamics and molecular composition). CMI allows one to reach beyond what is possible with a single modality and describe biomedical processes within their overall spatio-temporal context and gain a mechanistic understanding of cells, tissues, and organisms in health and disease by untangling their molecular mechanisms within their native environment. The field of CMI has grown substantially over the last decade and previously unanswerable biological questions have been solved by applying novel CMI workflows. To disseminate these workflows and comprehensively share the scattered knowledge present within the CMI community, an initiative was started to bring together imaging, image analysis, and biomedical scientists and work towards an open community that promotes and disseminates the field of CMI. This community project was funded for the last 4 years by an EU COST Action called COMULIS (COrrelated MUltimodal imaging in the LIfe Sciences). In this review we share some of the showcases and lessons learnt from the action. We also briefly look ahead at how we anticipate building on this initial initiative.

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Jul 2024 • Journal of The Electrochemical Society

Investigating the Temperature Dependency of Trimethyl Aluminum Assisted Atomic Surface Reduction of Li and Mn-Rich NCM

Eliran Evenstein, Sarah Taragin, Arka Saha, Malachi Noked, Rosy Rosy

Most next-generation electrode materials are prone to interfacial degradation, which eventually spreads to the bulk and impairs electrochemical performance. One promising method for reducing interfacial degradation is to surface engineer the electrode materials to form an artificial cathode electrolyte interphase as a protective layer. Nevertheless, the majority of coating techniques entail wet processes, high temperatures, or exposure to ambient conditions. These experimental conditions are only sometimes conducive and can adversely affect the material structure or composition. Therefore, we investigate the efficacy of a low-temperature, facile atomic surface reduction (ASR) using trimethylaluminum vapors as a surface modification strategy for Li and Mn-rich NCM (LMR-NCM). The results presented herein manifest that the extent of TMA-assisted ASR is temperature-dependent. All tested temperatures …

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Jul 2024 • Nano Letters

Non-classical Euler buckling and Brazier instability in cylindrical liquid droplets

Emery Hsu, Daeyeon Lee, Eli Sloutskin

Crystalline monolayers prevalent in nature and technology possess elusive elastic properties with important implications in fundamental physics, biology, and nanotechnology. Leveraging the recently discovered shape transitions of oil-in-water emulsion droplets, upon which these droplets adopt cylindrical shapes and elongate, we investigate the elastic characteristics of the crystalline monolayers covering their interfaces. To unravel the conditions governing Euler buckling and Brazier kink formation in these cylindrical tubular interfacial crystals, we strain the elongating cylindrical droplets within confining microfluidic wells. Our experiments unveil a nonclassical relation between the Young’s modulus and the bending modulus of these crystals. Intriguingly, this relation varies with the radius of the cylindrical crystal, presenting a nonclassical mechanism for tuning of elasticity in nanotechnology applications.

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