2025 • Proc. of SPIE Vol
Amos Danielli, Benjamin L Miller, Sharon M Weiss
Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII Page 1 PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING Vol. 26 No. 47 Volume 13338 Proceedings of SPIE, 1605-7422, V. 13338 SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light. Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII Amos Danielli Benjamin L. Miller Sharon M. Weiss Editors 25–27 January 2025 San Francisco, California, United States Sponsored and Published by SPIE Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII, edited by Amos Danielli, Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13338, 1333801 © 2025 SPIE · 1605-7422 · doi: 10.1117/12.3068117 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13338 1333801-1 Page 2 The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected …
Show more2025 • bioRxiv
Sadeem Ahmad, Tao Zou, Linlin Zhao, Xi Wang, Jihee Hwang, Anton Davydenko, Ilana Buchumenski, Patrick Zhuang, Alyssa R Fishbein, Diego Capcha-Rodriguez, Aaron Orgel, Erez Y Levanon, Sua Myong, James Chou, Matthew Meyerson, Sun Hur
The innate immune sensor PKR for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is critical for antiviral defense, but its aberrant activation by cellular dsRNA is linked to various diseases. The dsRNA-binding protein PACT plays a critical yet controversial role in the PKR pathway. We demonstrate that PACT is a direct and specific suppressor of PKR against endogenous dsRNA ligands like inverted-repeat Alu RNAs, which robustly activate PKR in the absence of PACT. PACT-mediated inhibition does not involve competition for dsRNA binding. Instead, PACT impairs PKR ability to scan along dsRNA, a process necessary for PKR molecules to encounter and autophoshorylate each other for activation. By scanning along dsRNA and directly interacting with PKR, PACT restricts PKR movement on dsRNA, reducing the likelihood of PKR molecular collisions and subsequent autophosphorylation, effectively inhibiting PKR without sequestering dsRNA. Consequently, PKR inhibition is more robust with longer and less abundant dsRNA, and minimal with abundant or short dsRNA. Thus, PACT functions to adjust the PKR activation threshold for long endogenous dsRNA without altering its inherent activity, revealing new mechanisms for establishing self-tolerance.
Show more2025 • Journal of Biophotonics
Victoria V Zherdeva, Astemir R Likhov, Ulugbek A Saidvaliev, Dror Fixler, Dmitry Demin, Veronika N Volodina, Uliana A Apukhtina, Shweta Pawar, Bar Atuar, Valery V Tuchin
Nowadays, many biodegradable materials are offered for biomedical applications, but there are only a few in vivo methods for their detection and monitoring. In this work, implants based on biodegradable polyester copolymers were labeled with indocyanine green (ICG) for fluorescence imaging in combination with tissue optical clearing (TOC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results include in vitro degradation modeling followed by in vivo imaging of copolymer samples that were subcutaneously implanted in BALB/c mice. TOC with 70% glycerol has been demonstrated to significantly improve sample visualization. The TOC efficiency parameter Q demonstrated the variability of effects correlating with the timing of follow‐up in the postimplantation period. It has been shown that nonhealing wounds, peri‐implantation inflammation, or fibrosis, confirmed by MRI, affect the effectiveness of TOC in the range …
Show more2025 • ChemElectroChem
Yogendra Kumar, Ben Dlugatch, Ananya Maddegalla, Yuri Glagovsky, Natalia Fridman, Sri Harsha Akella, Nicole Leifer, Doron Aurbach, Dmitry Bravo‐Zhivotovskii, Malachi Noked
The development of efficient electrolytes is crucial for advancing magnesium (Mg) batteries, which hold promise for next‐generation energy storage systems. Previously, electrolytes such as [Mg2(μ‐Cl)3 ⋅ 6THF]+ [Ph4Al]−, A, and [Mg2(μ‐Cl)3 ⋅ 6THF]+ [Ph3AlCl]−, B, have been studied, but their performance has been limited by issues related to ion dissociation and electrochemical stability. In this study, we report the synthesis of novel electrolytes by introducing polydentate ligands to these known systems, leading to the formation of [DME ⋅ MgCl ⋅ 3THF]+ [Ph4Al]− 1 and [DG ⋅ MgCl ⋅ 2THF]+ [Ph4Al]− 2, [Mg ⋅ 3DME]2+ 2[Ph3AlCl−] 3 and [Mg ⋅ 2DG]2+ 2[Ph3AlCl−] 4. These firstly discovered compounds were thoroughly characterized using X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Our findings reveal that the choice of counter anion plays a pivotal role in the products and mechanism of the …
Show more2025 • Advanced Functional Materials
Avital Fried, Ouriel Gotesdyner, Irena Feldman, Amit Kanigel, Amos Sharoni
Strongly correlated systems famously show intriguing (and unexpected) phenomena. The layered 1T‐TaS₂ is no exception, showing different charge density wave configurations, metal insulator transitions (MITs), a fascinating superconducting phase, and low‐temperature meta‐stable hidden phases upon light or current pulses. And now – also a non‐volatile memory effect. The memory forms following cooling of the sample to a chosen temperature in the metal‐insulator coexisting phase of the Mott MIT (≈180 K) then ramping back up to the metallic state. It manifests as a resistance decrease in the following R versus T measurement that is largest at the ramp‐reversal temperature. The memory disappears after cooling to lower temperatures and the original R versus T is recovered. Memory properties are shown to coincide with those of the ramp reversal memory (RRM) previously reported in correlated oxides …
Show more2025 • bioRxiv
Pascale Pescher, Thibaut Douché, Quentin Giai Gianetto, Karen Druart, Julie Kovářová, Blaise Li, Caroline Proux, Rachel Legendre, Hugo Varet, K Shanmugha Rajan, Laura Piel, Céline Besse, Anne Boland, Jean-François Deleuze, Mariette Matondo, Michael P Barrett, Shulamit Michaeli, Gerald Frank Späth
Genetic feedback control represents a central paradigm in regulation of biological systems and their response to environmental change. Vector-borne pathogens have evolved complex developmental programs to adapt to very distinct host environments, but the relevance of feedback regulation in stage differentiation remains to be elucidated. Here we address this open question in the trypanosomatid parasite Leishmania that shows constitutive gene transcription, thus providing a unique model system to assess post-transcriptional mechanisms of feedback regulation in the absence of confounding transcriptional control. Using a five-layer integrative systems analysis (from genome to metabolome), we examined hamster-isolated Leishmania donovani amastigotes and culture-derived insect-stage promastigotes. This approach enabled us to rule out genomic adaptation as a driver of parasite stage differentiation, confirm the pivotal role of differential mRNA turnover in stage-specific gene expression, and uncover an unexpectedly broad dynamic range of protein abundance changes that correlated poorly with transcript levels. This discrepancy was attributed to (i) stage-specific translational control, as indicated by alterations in snoRNA expression and changes in rRNA modification they guide, and (ii) differential protein degradation, as revealed by quantitative proteomics of parasites treated with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin. Notably, lactacystin treatment stalled the transition of spleen-derived amastigotes into promastigotes in culture, further underscoring the role of proteasomal activity in stage differentiation. Integration of our five-layer …
Show more2025 • Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Thomas Merzdorf, An Guo, Pierre Schröer, Elisabeth Hornberger, Sebastian Ott, Laurin Riebel, Jessica Hübner, Liang Liang, Malte Klingenhof, Matthias Kroschel, Marleen Hußmann, Siegfried Eigler, Alisa Kozhushner, Lior Elbaz, Peter Strasser
Carbon supports play a crucial role in the performance and durability of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The porosity of carbon particles and the carbon matrix, as well as the surface area, is essential for good transport of oxygen, water and electrons. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of extremely high surface-area, mesoporous carbon nanodendrites (MCNDs) formed by controlled detonation are presented. This new carbon material is used as a cathode catalyst's support material in PEMFCs. Annealed at three different temperatures and compared to commercial carbon supports, the graphitization and ordering degree of the carbons are investigated. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on all support materials using a novel fluidized bed reduction reactor. MCND-based Pt nanoparticle fuel cell cathodes significantly outperform Pt catalysts on commercial carbons in single cell tests in …
Show more2025 • ChemElectroChem
Yogendra Kumar, Ben Dlugatch, Ananya Maddegalla, Yuri Glagovsky, Natalia Fridman, Sri Harsha Akella, Nicole Leifer, Doron Aurbach, Dmitry Bravo‐Zhivotovskii, Malachi Noked
The development of efficient electrolytes is crucial for advancing magnesium (Mg) batteries, which hold promise for next‐generation energy storage systems. Previously, electrolytes such as [Mg2(μ‐Cl)3 ⋅ 6THF]+ [Ph4Al]−, A, and [Mg2(μ‐Cl)3 ⋅ 6THF]+ [Ph3AlCl]−, B, have been studied, but their performance has been limited by issues related to ion dissociation and electrochemical stability. In this study, we report the synthesis of novel electrolytes by introducing polydentate ligands to these known systems, leading to the formation of [DME ⋅ MgCl ⋅ 3THF]+ [Ph4Al]− 1 and [DG ⋅ MgCl ⋅ 2THF]+ [Ph4Al]− 2, [Mg ⋅ 3DME]2+ 2[Ph3AlCl−] 3 and [Mg ⋅ 2DG]2+ 2[Ph3AlCl−] 4. These firstly discovered compounds were thoroughly characterized using X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Our findings reveal that the choice of counter anion plays a pivotal role in the products and mechanism of the …
Show more2025 • bioRxiv
Ayelet Peres, Amit A Upadhyay, Vered Hana Klein, Swati Saha, Oscar L Rodriguez, Zachary M Vanwinkle, Lukas Granholm, Kirti Karunakaran, William Lauer, Mark C Lin, Timothy Melton, Amanda Metz, Pazit Polak, Nagarajan Raju, Kaitlyn Shields, Steven Schultze, Thang Ton, Adam Ericsen, Stacey A Lapp, Melissa Smith, William Lees, Corey T Watson, Gur Yaari, Steven E Bosinger
Rhesus macaques (RMs) are vital models for studying human disease, and are invaluable to pre-clinical pipelines for vaccine discovery and testing. Particularly in this regard, they are often used to study infection and vaccine-associated broadly neutralizing antibody responses. This has resulted in an increasing demand for improved genetic resources for the immunoglobulin (IG) loci, which harbor antibody-encoding genes. However, the highly polymorphic and structurally variable nature of these loci have them historically challenging to sequence and characterize at the level of both the genome and expressed repertoire. To address these challenges, we have developed a novel integrated analysis workflow for conducting the combined processing of B cell receptor repertoire sequencing data with matched whole-genome and targeted long-read genomic sequencing data. Using this novel approach, we have assembled the largest collection of IG germline alleles reported to date, amassed from 106 Indian origin RMs. Using a conservative annotation approach, requiring sample-level internal validation from both genomic and expressed datasets, we created a comprehensive resource that captures extensive diversity of IG heavy and light chain variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) alleles, as well as leader, intronic, and recombination signal sequences (RSSs). This publicly available, continually updated database will advance vaccine research for infectious disease, and provide a robust foundation for immunogenomics and future translational research.
Show more2025 • Aging Cell
Rewayd Shalash, Dror Michael Solomon, Mor Levi‐Ferber, Henrik von Chrzanowski, Mohammad Khaled Atrash, Barak Nakar, Matan Yosef Avivi, Hagit Hauschner, Aviya Swisa, Alicia Meléndez, Yaron Shav‐Tal, Sivan Henis‐Korenblit
The maintenance of a properly folded proteome is critical for cellular function and organismal health, and its age‐dependent collapse is associated with a wide range of diseases. Here, we find that despite the central role of Coenzyme A as a molecular cofactor in hundreds of cellular reactions, inhibition of the first and rate‐limiting step in CoA biosynthesis can be beneficial and promote proteostasis. Impairment of the cytosolic iron–sulfur cluster formation pathway, which depends on Coenzyme A, similarly promotes proteostasis and acts in the same pathway. Proteostasis improvement by interference with the Coenzyme A/iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathways is dependent on the conserved HLH‐30/TFEB transcription factor. Strikingly, under these conditions, HLH‐30 promotes proteostasis by potentiating the expression of select chaperone genes, providing a chaperone‐mediated proteostasis shield, rather …
Show more2025 • Nanoscale Advances
Matan Oliel, Yitzhak Mastai
Chiral induction in crystals attract significant attention due to its implications for developing chiral materials and understanding mechanisms of symmetry- breaking enantioselective crystallization of naturally occurring chiral minerals. Despite its potential use in chiral discrimination, this area remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate chiral induction during crystallization of naturally occurring chiral KIO3 and LiIO3 minerals using arginine and alanine as chiral inducers. The chiral nature of the crystallization and the effect of the chiral inducers were examined using circular dichroism, polarimetry, and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. The impact of chiral molecules on the rate and final crystal structure was studied by electron microscopy including SEM and TEM. We demonstrate that it is possible to control the chirality with chiral exogenous molecules, mainly amino acids. Understanding chiral induction in …
Show more2025 • bioRxiv
Debjit Roy, Xavier Michalet, Evan Miller, Shimon Weiss
Membrane potential (MP) changes can provide a simple readout of bacterial functional and metabolic state or stress levels. While several optical methods exist for measuring fast changes in MP in excitable cells, there is a dearth of such methods for absolute and precise measurements of steady-state membrane potentials (MPs) in bacterial cells. Conventional electrode-based methods for the measurement of MP are not suitable for calibrating optical methods in small bacterial cells. While optical measurement based on Nernstian indicators have been successfully used, they do not provide absolute or precise quantification of MP or its changes. We present a novel, calibrated MP recording approach to address this gap. Our method is based on (i) a unique VoltageFluor (VF) optical transducer, whose fluorescence lifetime varies as a function of MP via photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) and (ii) a quantitative phasor-FLIM analysis for high-throughput readout. This method allows MP changes to be easily recorded, quantified and visualized. Using our preliminary Bacillus subtilis-specific MP versus VF lifetime calibration, we estimated the MP for unperturbed B. subtilis cells to be -65 mV and that for chemically depolarized cells as -14 mV. Our work paves the way for deeper insights into bacterial electrophysiology and bioelectricity research.
Show more2025 • bioRxiv
Shimon Yudovich, Gregor Posnjak, Lior Shani, Eti Teblum, Tim Liedl, Jörg Enderlein, Shimon Weiss
Super-resolution optical imaging has become a prominent tool in life and material sciences, allowing one to decipher structures at increasingly greater spatial detail. Among the utilized techniques in this field, super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) has proved to be a valuable approach. A major advantage of SOFI is its less restrictive requirements for generating super-resolved images of neighboring nanostructures or molecules, as it only assumes that the detected fluctuating light from neighboring emitters is statistically uncorrelated, but not necessarily separated in time. While most optical super-resolution microscopies depend on signals obtained from fluorescence, they are limited by photobleaching and phototoxicity. An alternative source for optical signals can be acquired by detecting the light scattered from molecules or nanoparticles. However, the application of coherent scattering-based imaging modalities for super-resolution imaging has been considerably limited compared to fluorescence-based modalities. Here, we develop scattering-based super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (sSOFI), where we utilize the rotation of anisotropic particles as a source of fluctuating optical signals. We discuss the differences in the application of SOFI algorithms for coherent and incoherent imaging modalities, and utilize interference microscopy to demonstrate super-resolution imaging of rotating nanoparticle dimers. We present a theoretical analysis of the relevant model systems, and discuss the possible effects of cusp artifacts and electrodynamic coupling between nearby nano-scatterers. Finally, we apply sSOFI as a label-free novelty …
Show more2025 • Nanomaterials 15 (3), 149, 2025
Bat-Sheva Galmidi, Yana Shafran, Shimon Shimon, Adva Aizer, Raoul Orvieto, Naomi Zurgil, Mordechai Deutsch, Zeev Schiffer, Dror Fixler
The research and development of a matrix of Addressable Nanoliter Containers (ANLC) is the focus of this work. The ANLC introduces a novel approach for cryopreserving single sperm cells. A significant increase in sperm cell mortality was observed after cryopreserving nanoliter-scale cell suspensions, attributed to the diffusion of water from the aqueous droplets into the surrounding oil phase. This process elevated the salt concentration within the droplets. A practical solution was devised by saturating the oil with water, significantly reducing the concentration gradient and, consequently, the diffusion. For ANLCs smaller than a few nanoliters, locating individual sperm cells within the containers became highly feasible. Using saturated oil, the survival rate reached 100%. Optical simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of ANLCs on light scattering, enabling the selection of designs with minimal scattering. The simulations conclusively demonstrated that a cylindrical container with a flat bottom produced the least light scattering. This device was tested under clinical conditions in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory, revealing its strong potential as a practical tool for housing individual sperm cells. It enables characterization using interferometric indicators and facilitates the selection of sperm cells for IVF.
Show more2025 • International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26 (13), 6343, 2025
Bat-Sheva Galmidi, Raoul Orvieto, Naomi Zurgil, Mordechai Deutsch, Dror Fixler
The cryopreservation of limited sperm samples, especially those retrieved from patients, poses significant challenges due to the small number of viable cells available for freezing. Traditional microliter cryopreservation methods are fraught with difficulties, as thawed sperm cells become nearly impossible to locate under a microscope due to their mobility and the multiple focal planes presented by larger drops. This search time is critical, as sperm cells enter a state of decline postthaw. Conversely, when sperm cells are cryopreserved in nanoliter volumes, they do manage to be easily discovered, but they do not survive the freezing and thawing processes entirely. This phenomenon is attributed to the diffusion of water molecules from the droplet into the surrounding oil, which, while designed to limit evaporation, inadvertently increases solute concentrations in the aqueous environment, leading to cellular desiccation. This article elucidates the mechanisms underlying this lethal diffusion effect and presents a novel approach for freezing in nanoliter volumes, which has demonstrated significantly improved survival rates through carefully optimized procedures in clinical trials. Our findings highlight the importance of adapting cryopreservation techniques to enhance the viability of individual sperm cells, ultimately facilitating better outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. This research presents a significant breakthrough by identifying the critical role of water diffusion in reducing sperm cell viability during nanoliter cryopreservation, a major impediment for limited samples. The novelty of our results lies in both elucidating this specific mechanism of …
Show more2025 • Energy Advances
Kobby Saadi, Raphael Flack, Valery Bourbo, Ran Elazari, David Zitoun
Redox-Flow Batteries (RFBs) do match the requirement for long duration energy storage (LDES) and bromine catholyte has attracted a lot of attention with its high abundance and low-cost. However, at high state-of-charge, the bromine vapor pressure is a serious safety concern in the catholyte tank and polybromide species corrode metals present in the stack. Until today, soluble bromine complexing agent (BCA) has been proposed to reduce the concentration of free bromine, with a certain success for safety concerns but with a major drop in power density and durability. Herein, we report on the development of a solid BCA added to the catholyte tank of a hydrogen-bromine RFB (HBRFB). Long-term separation between the bromine rich solid phase and flowing liquid phases enables high and stable performance for more than 250 cycles. Effective complexing – dissociating equilibrium in the electrolyte tank …
Show more2025 • Proc. of SPIE Vol
Dror Fixler, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII Page 1 PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING Vol. 26 No. 44 Volume 13335 Proceedings of SPIE, 1605-7422, V. 13335 SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light. Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII Dror Fixler Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu Editors 26–28 January 2025 San Francisco, California, United States Sponsored by SPIE Cosponsored by Prizmatix Ltd. (Israel) Published by SPIE Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII, edited by Dror Fixler, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13335, 1333501 © 2025 SPIE · 1605-7422 · doi: 10.1117/12.3068103 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13335 1333501-1 Page 2 The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited …
Show more2025 • Advanced Optical Materials
Yahel Soffer, Dipanwita Roy, Pallavi Singh, David Cahen, Dan Oron
Lead halide perovskites (HaPs) have gained much attention, especially for use in photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices. However, stability remains the major roadblock to implementing HaP‐based devices. Self‐healing, the material's intrinsic tendency to recover from damage without any external aid, is observed in HaPs. Yet, understanding of its detailed mechanism is still lacking. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and photoluminescence (PL) imaging are used to monitor changes in HaP polycrystalline thin films in both space and time following damage, through the self‐recovery path. Changes in PL outside the excitation spot are identified immediately following photodamage for both CsPbI3 (CsPI), showing photo‐darkening, and MAPbI3 (MAPI), exhibiting photo‐brightening. During self‐healing of the directly illuminated spot, MAPI peripheral fluorescence decreases to its initial level, whereas CsPI …
Show more2025 • Advanced Quantum Technologies
Enrico Rebufello, Fabrizio Piacentini, Alessio Avella, Muriel A de Souza, Marco Gramegna, Rudi Lussana, Federica Villa, Jan Dziewior, Eliahu Cohen, Lev Vaidman, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Marco Genovese
Since their introduction, weak measurements and weak values have served as a cornerstone for investigating quantum measurement theory, as well as a significant tool for quantum metrology and sensing. Here, it is shown how (anomalous) weak values can be reliably obtained with single quantum systems even without averaging over multiple experimental runs, thanks to a measurement protocol dubbed robust weak measurement. Specifically, robust weak measurements are exploited to extract the weak value of the polarization of heralded single photons, certifying the true single‐particle, nonclassical nature of weak values.
Show more2025 • Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Alexandre Py, Ange Bernardin Chambissie Kameni, Paul-Alexis Pavard, Nathanaelle Schneider, Damien Aureau, Mathieu Fregnaux, Geraud Delport, Pallavi Singh, David Cahen, Jean-François Guillemoles, Philip Schulz
In recent years, the photovoltaic community has shown a growing interest in lead-free halides perovskites (HaPs), i.e., ABX3 where B ≠ Pb, A= monovalent cation and X=halide, as candidates to solve some of the issues inherent to their lead-based cousins. The gold HaP family (A2Au2X6, with mono- and tri-valent Au) is one such example and has been getting increasing attention from theoretical and experimental points of view. In particular, because of the mixed valence character of the gold species, the compounds are double perovskites, A2AuIAuIIIX6. We report a simple synthesis route to obtain inorganic gold HaP (Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, with X = I, Br, Cl) powders at low temperatures, and present thermodynamic constants associated with these materials. We confirm the structure of the compounds by XRD and Raman spectroscopy in accordance with the mixed valence character of the Au species. We report the …
Show more2025 • ChemElectroChem
Rifael Z Snitkoff‐Sol, Lior Elbaz
The increase in performance and durability the platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts makes them a viable alternative to PGM catalysts at the cathodes of low‐temperature fuel cells. The fuel‐cell performance strongly depends on the number of electroactive sites. Recently, a methodology for its quantification during fuel cell testing was presented based on applying low‐frequency Fourier‐transformed ac voltammetry (FTacV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Herein, a physics‐based model that describes the potential drop in the catalyst layer is developed and the effects of the cell parameters on the higher harmonic components generated in FTacV measurements are numerically investigated. Herein, the model used in the previous work is validated and quantitative boundaries for its application to extract the number of electroactive sites in a fuel cell, enabling more precise analysis …
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