Jul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.12960
Santiago Hernández-Gómez, Stefano Gherardini, Alessio Belenchia, Matteo Lostaglio, Amikam Levy, Nicole Fabbri
We demonstrate an experimental technique to characterize genuinely nonclassical multi-time correlations using projective measurements with no ancillae. We implement the scheme in a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond undergoing a unitary quantum work protocol. We reconstruct quantum-mechanical time correlations encoded in the Margenau-Hills quasiprobabilities. We observe work extraction peaks five times those of sequential projective energy measurement schemes and in violation of newly-derived stochastic bounds. We interpret the phenomenon via anomalous energy exchanges due to the underlying negativity of the quasiprobability distribution.
Show moreJul 2024 • 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-1, 2024
Ariel Ashkenazy, Nadav Shabairou, Dror Fixler, Eliahu Cohen, Zeev Zalevsky
In this presentation we explore a novel scheme for super-resolution that can also be adjusted for quantum sensing case. The scheme is sharing the same ideas of time-multiplexing followed by spatial homodyne detection. In the proposed super-resolving approach, the super resolution is performed without knowing the projected random encoding pattern (i.e. projected on the object) since the decoding is done in an-all optical manner and not in digital post-processing. This is obtained since the same random projected pattern is projected both on the object as well as on the sensing detector. Due to the non-linearity of the detector (it captures intensity) a product between the low-resolution image and the projected high resolution encoding pattern is generated, which is essential for the decoding process. By performing time integration while modifying the projected encoding pattern, a super-resolved image is decoded …
Show moreJul 2024 • 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-1, 2024
Jonathan Philosof, Deep Pal, Aviya Bennett, Yevgeny Beiderman, Sergey Agdarov, Yafim Beiderman, Zeev Zalevsky
In this presentation, we introduce a new technique for fiber based noninvasive sensing. The sensor consists of a laser, a multi-mode optical fiber, video camera and a computer. The operation principle is based on tracking of temporal variations in the speckle patterns field generated by interference of the light modes within the fiber when it is subjected to deformation. The speckle patterns are created when the light at the tip of the fiber is diffracted through a diffuser and imaged by a camera. The fiber-based sensor is used for bio-medical applications such as monitoring of vital bio-signs as respiration, heart beats and blood pressure even when integrating it into a fabric to provide non-tight contact wearable wellness monitoring device. It can also be used as a non-wearable portable sensor to estimate, in a non-invasive way, the concentration of glucose in the blood stream when the measurement is combined with …
Show moreJul 2024 • Carbon
Noam Levi, Gil Bergman, Amey Nimkar, Merav Nadav Tsubery, Arie Borenstein, Alex Adronov, Doron Aurbach, Daniel Sharon, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Netanel Shpigel
Static Zn-Br2 batteries are considered an attractive option for cost-effective and high-capacity systems for large energy storage. Yet, the corrosive nature of the Zn-Br2 electrolytes entails a careful selection of all cells’ ingredients to avoid rapid degradation of the batteries upon cycling. Thanks to their high chemical resistance and excellent conductivity, carbonaceous electrodes are typically utilized as current collectors for the cathode side, while thin Zn or Ti foils are most widely used as the anodes’ current collectors. However, these metals tend to corrode fast, thus undermining the desirable performance of the cells as durable and stable rechargeable batteries. We demonstrate the effective utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) films as highly stable anode current collector for Zn-Br2 batteries. Dispersion of the CNT beforehand in slurries containing anionic, cationic, or neutral surfactants yielded distinct chemical and …
Show moreJul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.06369
Ron Cohen, Sharon Shwartz, Eliahu Cohen
Interaction-free measurement (IFM) is a promising technique for low-dose detection and imaging, offering the unique advantage of probing an object without absorption of the interrogating photons. We propose an experiment to demonstrate IFM in the single x-ray photon regime. The proposed scheme relies on the triple-Laue (LLL) symmetric x-ray interferometer, where each Laue diffraction acts as a lossy beamsplitter. In contrast to many quantum effects which are highly vulnerable to loss, we show that an experimental demonstration of this effect in the x-ray regime is feasible and can achieve high IFM efficiency even in the presence of substantial loss in the system. The latter aspect is claimed to be a general property of IFM based on our theoretical analysis. We scrutinize two suitable detection schemes that offer efficiencies of up to . The successful demonstration of IFM with x-rays promises intriguing possibilities for measurements with reduced dose, mainly advantageous for biological samples, where radiation damage is a significant limitation.
Show moreJul 2024 • 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-1, 2024
Ariel Ashkenazy, Nadav Shabairou, Dror Fixler, Eliahu Cohen, Zeev Zalevsky
In this presentation we explore a novel scheme for super-resolution that can also be adjusted for quantum sensing case. The scheme is sharing the same ideas of time-multiplexing followed by spatial homodyne detection. In the proposed super-resolving approach, the super resolution is performed without knowing the projected random encoding pattern (i.e. projected on the object) since the decoding is done in an-all optical manner and not in digital post-processing. This is obtained since the same random projected pattern is projected both on the object as well as on the sensing detector. Due to the non-linearity of the detector (it captures intensity) a product between the low-resolution image and the projected high resolution encoding pattern is generated, which is essential for the decoding process. By performing time integration while modifying the projected encoding pattern, a super-resolved image is decoded …
Show moreJul 2024 • Molecular Autism
Pooja Kri Gupta, Sharon Barak, Yonatan Feuermann, Gil Goobes, Hanoch Kaphzan
Background Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder caused by the loss of function of the ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene, affecting approximately 1:15,000 live births. We have recently shown that mitochondrial function in AS is altered during mid to late embryonic brain development leading to increased oxidative stress and enhanced apoptosis of neural precursor cells. However, the overall alterations of metabolic processes are still unknown. Hence, as a follow-up, we aim to investigate the metabolic profiles of wild-type (WT) and AS littermates and to identify which metabolic processes are aberrant in the brain of AS model mice during embryonic development. Methods We collected brain tissue samples from mice embryos at E16.5 and performed metabolomic analyses using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Multivariate and Univariate analyses were …
Show moreJul 2024 • Optics & Laser Technology
Ricardo Rubio-Oliver, Javier García, Zeev Zalevsky, José Ángel Picazo-Bueno, Vicente Micó
A universal methodology for coding-decoding the complex amplitude field of an imaged sample in coherent microscopy is presented, where no restrictions on any of the two interferometric beams are required. Thus, the imaging beam can be overlapped with, in general, any other complex amplitude distribution and, in particular, with a coherent and shifted version of itself considering two orthogonal directions. The complex field values are retrieved by a novel Cepstrum-based algorithm, named as Spatial-Shifting Cepstrum (SSC), based on a weighted subtraction of the Cepstrum transform in the cross-correlation term of the object field spectrum in addition with the generation of a complex pupil from the combination of the information retrieved from different holographic recordings (one in horizontal and one in vertical direction) where one of the interferometric beams is shifted 1 pixel. As a result, the field of view is …
Show moreJul 2024 • Nature Biotechnology
Philipp Reautschnig, Carolin Fruhner, Nicolai Wahn, Charlotte P Wiegand, Sabrina Kragness, John F Yung, Daniel T Hofacker, Jenna Fisk, Michelle Eidelman, Nils Waffenschmidt, Maximilian Feige, Laura S Pfeiffer, Annika E Schulz, Yvonne Füll, Erez Y Levanon, Gail Mandel, Thorsten Stafforst
Recruiting the endogenous editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) with tailored guide RNAs for adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA base editing is promising for safely manipulating genetic information at the RNA level. However, the precision and efficiency of editing are often compromised by bystander off-target editing. Here, we find that in 5′-UAN triplets, which dominate bystander editing, G•U wobble base pairs effectively mitigate off-target events while maintaining high on-target efficiency. This strategy is universally applicable to existing A-to-I RNA base-editing systems and complements other suppression methods such as G•A mismatches and uridine (U) depletion. Combining wobble base pairing with a circularized format of the CLUSTER approach achieves highly precise and efficient editing (up to 87%) of a disease-relevant mutation in the Mecp2 transcript in cell culture. Virus …
Show moreJul 2024 • Carbon
Moorthy Maruthapandi, Arulappan Durairaj, Arumugam Saravanan, John HT Luong, Aristides Bakandritsos, Aharon Gedanken, Radek Zboril
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of growing concern due to their toxicity and environmental impact. Their facile detection is thus of a high importance but still challenging because they are unreactive and often present at very low concentrations. Developing sensing schemes for VOCs based on low-cost, sensitive, selective, and user-friendly methods is therefore crucial for environmental monitoring. To address these issues, we herein developed polymer supported carbon dots (CDs) by reacting tetraminobenzene with 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl oxalate using a simple reflux method. Owing to the selection of precursors, polymer supported fluorescent carbon dots (P-CDs) were grown decorating the synthesized polymeric spheres. The P-CDs composites were highly stable, and their fluorescence was drastically quenched by several VOC analytes (ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and ammonia) due …
Show moreJul 2024 • Journal of Molecular Structure 1297, 136943, 2024
Gil Otis, Denial Aias, Ilya Grinberg, Sharon Ruthstein, Yitzhak Mastai
One of the most challenging tasks in analytical chemistry is the determination of the chirality (identi cation of an enantio-meric composition) in solids mainly because of the strict requirements of the pharmaceutical industry for enantiomerically pure drugs. Although there are a few methods available to accomplish enantio-differentiation in solids, for example: X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), CD spectroscopy, and low-frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy, this is still very challenging. In this work, we have developed a new method to measure the chirality of crystals, based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of chiral crystals doped with Cu2+ as the EPR active ion. Here, we demonstrate our approach using a model system of L-and DL-Histidine crystals doped with Cu2+. We show that EPR measurements of the Cu2+-doped Histidine crystals can accurately determine the chirality and enantiomeric composition of the crystals. We present a very preliminary example of this technique, and we hope that in the future it will be possible to re ne and develop this method for many other chiral organic crystal systems.
Show moreJul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.16598
Lucianno Defaveri, Eli Barkai, David A Kessler
We investigate a system of Brownian particles weakly bound by attractive parity-symmetric potentials that grow at large distances as , with . The probability density function at long times reaches the Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium state, with all moments finite. However, the system's relaxation is not exponential, as is usual for a confining system with a well-defined equilibrium, but instead follows a stretched exponential with exponent . This problem is studied from three perspectives. First, we propose a straightforward and general scaling rate-function solution for . This rate-function, which is an important tool from large deviation theory, also displays anomalous time scaling and a dynamical phase transition. Second, through the eigenfunctions of the Fokker-Planck operator, we obtain, using the WKB method, more complete solutions that reproduce the rate function approach. Finally, we show how the alternative path-integral formalism allows us to recover the same results, with the above rate-function being the solution of the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation describing the most probable path. Properties such as parity, the role of initial conditions, and the dynamical phase transition are thoroughly studied in all three approaches.
Show moreJul 2024 • ACS Applied Energy Materials
Sarada K Gopinathan, Prashanth Vishwa, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Iranna Udachyan, Sakthivel Kandaiah
Visible light-active photoelectrode materials that can exhibit simultaneous photo- and electroactivity are essential for photoelectrosynthesis. Herein, we report a coordination metallo-organic system based on bismuth with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) as a linker ligand, which displays a p-type behavior with stable photoelectroactivity in neutral and protic electrolytes. The UV–visible spectral investigation reveals the systematic bathochromic shift with a gradual increment in the concentration of the Bi3+ ions to DMcT and the bandgap of 1.7 eV. The XPS, Raman, and FT-IR spectral data suggest the presence of a −S–Bi–S– linkage in the c-Bi-DMcT coordination polymeric structures. A photocathode prepared by electrooxidation shows a relatively less bismuth content with a disulfide linkage and lower photoactivity compared with c-Bi-DMcT prepared by chemical synthesis. The observed photocurrent values …
Show moreJul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.01874
Michael Suleymanov, Ismael L Paiva, Eliahu Cohen
Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special attention. Here, we introduce and analyze a non-relativistic framework in which each system contains an internal clock, in addition to its external (spatial) degree of freedom and, hence, can be used as a spatiotemporal quantum reference frame. Among other applications of this framework, we show that even in simple scenarios with no interactions, the relative uncertainty between clocks affects the relative spatial spread of the systems.
Show moreJul 2024 • Carbon
Noam Levi, Gil Bergman, Amey Nimkar, Merav Nadav Tsubery, Arie Borenstein, Alex Adronov, Doron Aurbach, Daniel Sharon, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Netanel Shpigel
Static Zn-Br2 batteries are considered an attractive option for cost-effective and high-capacity systems for large energy storage. Yet, the corrosive nature of the Zn-Br2 electrolytes entails a careful selection of all cells’ ingredients to avoid rapid degradation of the batteries upon cycling. Thanks to their high chemical resistance and excellent conductivity, carbonaceous electrodes are typically utilized as current collectors for the cathode side, while thin Zn or Ti foils are most widely used as the anodes’ current collectors. However, these metals tend to corrode fast, thus undermining the desirable performance of the cells as durable and stable rechargeable batteries. We demonstrate the effective utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) films as highly stable anode current collector for Zn-Br2 batteries. Dispersion of the CNT beforehand in slurries containing anionic, cationic, or neutral surfactants yielded distinct chemical and …
Show moreJul 2024 • Polymers
Natalie Mounayer, Shlomo Margel
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) exhibits remarkable qualities; owing to the strong affinity for water of its pyrrolidone group, which enhances compatibility with aqueous systems, it is effective for stabilizing, binding, or carrying food, drugs, and cosmetics. However, coating the surface of polymeric films with PVP is not practical, as the coatings dissolve easily in water and ethanol. Poly(silane–pyrrolidone) nano/microparticles were prepared by combining addition polymerization of methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane and N-vinylpyrrolidone, followed by step-growth Stöber polymerization of the formed silane–pyrrolidone monomer. The silane–pyrrolidone monomeric solution was spread on oxidized polyethylene films with a Mayer rod and polymerized to form siloxane (Si-O-Si) self-cross-linked durable anti-fog thin coatings with pyrrolidone groups exposed on the outer surface. The coatings exhibited similar wetting properties to PVP with significantly greater stability. The particles and coatings were characterized by microscopy, contact angle measurements, and spectroscopy, and tested using hot fog. Excellent anti-fogging activity was found.
Show moreJul 2024 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.08899
M Hidalgo-Soria, Y Haddad, E Barkai, Y Garini, S Burov
Investigating the dynamics of chromatin and the factors that are affecting it, has provided valuable insights into the organization and functionality of the genome in the cell nucleus. We control the expression of Lamin-A, an important organizer protein of the chromatin and nucleus structure. By simultaneously tracking tens of chromosomal loci (telomeres) in each nucleus, we find that the motion of chromosomal loci in Lamin-A depleted cells is both faster and more directed on a scale of a few micrometers, which coincides with the size of chromosome territories. Moreover, in the absence of Lamin-A we reveal the existence of correlations among neighboring telomeres. We show how these pairwise correlations are linked with the intermittent and persistent character of telomere trajectories, underscoring the importance of Lamin-A protein in chromosomal organization.
Show moreJul 2024 • Nano Letters
Emery Hsu, Daeyeon Lee, Eli Sloutskin
Crystalline monolayers prevalent in nature and technology possess elusive elastic properties with important implications in fundamental physics, biology, and nanotechnology. Leveraging the recently discovered shape transitions of oil-in-water emulsion droplets, upon which these droplets adopt cylindrical shapes and elongate, we investigate the elastic characteristics of the crystalline monolayers covering their interfaces. To unravel the conditions governing Euler buckling and Brazier kink formation in these cylindrical tubular interfacial crystals, we strain the elongating cylindrical droplets within confining microfluidic wells. Our experiments unveil a nonclassical relation between the Young’s modulus and the bending modulus of these crystals. Intriguingly, this relation varies with the radius of the cylindrical crystal, presenting a nonclassical mechanism for tuning of elasticity in nanotechnology applications.
Show moreJul 2024 • Journal of Molecular Structure 1297, 136943, 2024
Gil Otis, Denial Aias, Ilya Grinberg, Sharon Ruthstein, Yitzhak Mastai
One of the most challenging tasks in analytical chemistry is the determination of the chirality (identi cation of an enantio-meric composition) in solids mainly because of the strict requirements of the pharmaceutical industry for enantiomerically pure drugs. Although there are a few methods available to accomplish enantio-differentiation in solids, for example: X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), CD spectroscopy, and low-frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy, this is still very challenging. In this work, we have developed a new method to measure the chirality of crystals, based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of chiral crystals doped with Cu2+ as the EPR active ion. Here, we demonstrate our approach using a model system of L-and DL-Histidine crystals doped with Cu2+. We show that EPR measurements of the Cu2+-doped Histidine crystals can accurately determine the chirality and enantiomeric composition of the crystals. We present a very preliminary example of this technique, and we hope that in the future it will be possible to re ne and develop this method for many other chiral organic crystal systems.
Show moreJul 2024 • Desalination
Qinghao Wu, Qifeng Wang, Chen Yu, Shanfu Lu, Kun Lin, Yan Xiang, Kuichang Zuo, Doron Aurbach, Dawei Liang
The evaluation of capacitive deionization (CDI) often relies on indicators like salt adsorption capacity and rate. However, these indicators encompass the entire system, including the anode and cathode. In practice scenarios, differences in specific capacitance, weight, and potential of zero charge result in varying theoretical ion adsorption capacity (IAC) and electrode potential. Hence, it is crucial to assess the deionization performance of individual electrodes. In this study, by introducing a reference electrode into the desalination device and enhancing the effective area and mass loading of the counter electrode, a single-electrode evaluation device was established to specifically analyze the deionization performance of the working electrode. Through this evaluation method, the single-electrode deionization performances of the anodic and cathodic integrated membrane electrodes (IMEs) were investigated …
Show moreJul 2024 • Scientific Reports
Nathalie Lander Gower, Shiran Levy, Silvia Piperno, Sadhvikas J Addamane, Asaf Albo