BINA

The time-multiplexing super-resolution concept requires post-processing for extracting the super-resolved image. Moreover, to perform the post-processing image restoration, one needs to know the exact high-resolution encoding pattern. Both of these limiting conditions are overcome by the method and experiment reported in this letter.

Raman spectroscopy is an extremely powerful laser-based method for characterizing materials based on their unique inelastic scattering spectrum. Ultimately, the power of the technique is limited by the resolution of the spectrometer. Here we introduce a new method for achieving Super-Spectral-Resolution Raman Spectroscopy (SSR-RS), by angle-tuning a Fabry–Pérot (F-P) etalon filter that we incorporated in a micro-Raman setup. A monolithically coated F-P etalon structure, only 1.686 mm in thickness, was mounted onto an angle-tunable motorized stage, and Raman spectra were automatically acquired for many different angles of the etalon. Using a low-resolution grating of 150 g/mm by itself, without the F-P etalon, we obtained a best-case regular Raman spectral linewidth of 44 cm−1 for the characteristic Raman peak from a diamond sample. When we applied the SSR-RS technique to diamond, we obtained …

Semi Insulating GaAs alpha detectors with anode GaAs P+ contact layer were fabricated and characterized. The contact layer growth was carried out by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) and the detector performances were compared to the performances of a front Schottky contact detector. The front side Schottky contact suffers from electron injection into the GaAs substrate. This injection is eliminated by using a P+ anode blocking layer with an ohmic contact, resulting in a reduction of leakage current at reverse bias values of up to 70 V. For example, at 30 V the leakage currents were 50 nA/cm2 and 150 nA/cm2 for the ohmic and the Schottky anode detectors, respectively. For both detectors, the charge collection efficiency was increased by a factor of ~2 after grinding the substrates from 650 μm to 310 μm thickness, with no leakage current degradation. In addition, rapid thermal process (RTP …

Magnetic polymeric conduits are developing as revolutionary materials in regenerative medicine, providing exceptional benefits in directing tissue healing, improving targeted medication administration, and facilitating remote control via external magnetic fields. The present article offers a thorough examination of current progress in the design, construction, and functionalization of these hybrid systems. The integration of magnetic nanoparticles into polymeric matrices confers distinctive features, including regulated alignment, improved cellular motility, and targeted medicinal delivery, while preserving structural integrity. Moreover, the incorporation of multifunctional attributes, such as electrical conductivity for cerebral stimulation and optical characteristics for real-time imaging, expands their range of applications. Essential studies indicate that the dimensions, morphology, surface chemistry, and composition of magnetic nanoparticles significantly affect their biocompatibility, degrading characteristics, and overall efficacy. Notwithstanding considerable advancements, issues concerning long-term biocompatibility, biodegradability, and scalability persist, in addition to the must for uniform regulatory frameworks to facilitate clinical translation. Progress in additive manufacturing and nanotechnology is overcoming these obstacles, facilitating the creation of dynamic and adaptive conduit structures designed for particular biomedical requirements. Magnetic polymeric conduits, by integrating usefulness and safety, are set to transform regenerative therapies, presenting a new avenue for customized medicine and advanced healthcare solutions.

The time-multiplexing super-resolution concept requires post-processing for extracting the super-resolved image. Moreover, to perform the post-processing image restoration, one needs to know the exact high-resolution encoding pattern. Both of these limiting conditions are overcome by the method and experiment reported in this letter.

Interaction-free measurement (IFM) is a promising technique for low-dose detection and imaging, offering the unique advantage of probing an object with an overall reduced absorption of the interrogating photons. We propose an experiment to demonstrate IFM in the single x ray photon regime. The proposed scheme relies on the triple-Laue (LLL) symmetric x ray interferometer, where each Laue diffraction acts as a lossy beam splitter. In contrast to many quantum effects which are highly vulnerable to loss, we show that an experimental demonstration of this effect in the x ray regime is feasible and can achieve detection with reduced dose and high IFM efficiency even in the presence of substantial loss in the system. The latter aspect is claimed to be a general property of IFM based on our theoretical analysis. We scrutinize two suitable detection schemes that offer a dose reduction of up to half compared with direct …

Electroconductive textiles (e-Textiles) are vital in developing wearable sensors that preserve the comfort and characteristics of textiles. Among two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), considered a promising option for sensor applications, tungsten di-selenide (WSe2) homostructures have been used as humidity-and temperature-sensing materials for developing e-textiles, as mentioned in a first-of-its-kind report. Exfoliated chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown 2H-WSe2 nanosheets were dispersed in hydroalcoholic solutions using an amino-functionalized silane to improve dispersion. Acrylic thickener was added to create 2H-WSe2-based pastes, which were applied onto cotton using the knife-over-roll technique to obtain thin, flexible electroconductive coatings on textiles. Various characterization techniques confirmed the even distribution of 2D-WSe2-based coatings on fabrics and the …

The increase in performance and durability the platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts makes them a viable alternative to PGM catalysts at the cathodes of low‐temperature fuel cells. The fuel‐cell performance strongly depends on the number of electroactive sites. Recently, a methodology for its quantification during fuel cell testing was presented based on applying low‐frequency Fourier‐transformed ac voltammetry (FTacV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Herein, a physics‐based model that describes the potential drop in the catalyst layer is developed and the effects of the cell parameters on the higher harmonic components generated in FTacV measurements are numerically investigated. Herein, the model used in the previous work is validated and quantitative boundaries for its application to extract the number of electroactive sites in a fuel cell, enabling more precise analysis …

Redox-Flow Batteries (RFBs) do match the requirement for long duration energy storage (LDES) and bromine catholyte has attracted a lot of attention with its high abundance and low-cost. However, at high state-of-charge, the bromine vapor pressure is a serious safety concern in the catholyte tank and polybromide species corrode metals present in the stack. Until today, soluble bromine complexing agent (BCA) has been proposed to reduce the concentration of free bromine, with a certain success for safety concerns but with a major drop in power density and durability. Herein, we report on the development of a solid BCA added to the catholyte tank of a hydrogen-bromine RFB (HBRFB). Long-term separation between the bromine rich solid phase and flowing liquid phases enables high and stable performance for more than 250 cycles. Effective complexing – dissociating equilibrium in the electrolyte tank …

Since their introduction, weak measurements and weak values have served as a cornerstone for investigating quantum measurement theory, as well as a significant tool for quantum metrology and sensing. Here, it is shown how (anomalous) weak values can be reliably obtained with single quantum systems even without averaging over multiple experimental runs, thanks to a measurement protocol dubbed robust weak measurement. Specifically, robust weak measurements are exploited to extract the weak value of the polarization of heralded single photons, certifying the true single‐particle, nonclassical nature of weak values.

LiCoO2 (LCO) has been the cathode material of choice for three decades for durable, lightweight Li‐ion storage systems. Being charged up to 4.2 V versus Li/Li+, LCO provides excellent cycling stability with a specific capacity of ≈140 mAh g−1. Raising the cut‐off voltage to 4.6 V improves capacity by up to 60% however, it leads to rapid degradation of the cathode structure. Here, a one‐pot dual coating of MgF2 and AlF3 with fluorinated electrolyte additives achieves 190 mAh g−1 at a 0.5 C rate after 400 cycles with a capacity retention of 93%. Various analytical tools are used to follow the structural and morphological changes during cycling. Synergistically, ion transport is improved, and detrimental interfacial side reactions with the electrolyte solutions are fully mitigated. Structural stability is thus improved by using this coating, with only a little loss of the active material. This work provides a brief guideline for …

Super-resolution optical imaging has become a prominent tool in life and material sciences, allowing one to decipher structures at increasingly greater spatial detail. Among the utilized techniques in this field, super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) has proved to be a valuable approach. A major advantage of SOFI is its less restrictive requirements for generating super-resolved images of neighboring nanostructures or molecules, as it only assumes that the detected fluctuating light from neighboring emitters is statistically uncorrelated, but not necessarily separated in time. While most optical super-resolution microscopies depend on signals obtained from fluorescence, they are limited by photobleaching and phototoxicity. An alternative source for optical signals can be acquired by detecting the light scattered from molecules or nanoparticles. However, the application of coherent scattering-based imaging modalities for super-resolution imaging has been considerably limited compared to fluorescence-based modalities. Here, we develop scattering-based super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (sSOFI), where we utilize the rotation of anisotropic particles as a source of fluctuating optical signals. We discuss the differences in the application of SOFI algorithms for coherent and incoherent imaging modalities, and utilize interference microscopy to demonstrate super-resolution imaging of rotating nanoparticle dimers. We present a theoretical analysis of the relevant model systems, and discuss the possible effects of cusp artifacts and electrodynamic coupling between nearby nano-scatterers. Finally, we apply sSOFI as a label-free novelty …

The innate immune sensor PKR for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is critical for antiviral defense, but its aberrant activation by cellular dsRNA is linked to various diseases. The dsRNA-binding protein PACT plays a critical yet controversial role in the PKR pathway. We demonstrate that PACT is a direct and specific suppressor of PKR against endogenous dsRNA ligands like inverted-repeat Alu RNAs, which robustly activate PKR in the absence of PACT. PACT-mediated inhibition does not involve competition for dsRNA binding. Instead, PACT impairs PKR ability to scan along dsRNA, a process necessary for PKR molecules to encounter and autophoshorylate each other for activation. By scanning along dsRNA and directly interacting with PKR, PACT restricts PKR movement on dsRNA, reducing the likelihood of PKR molecular collisions and subsequent autophosphorylation, effectively inhibiting PKR without sequestering dsRNA. Consequently, PKR inhibition is more robust with longer and less abundant dsRNA, and minimal with abundant or short dsRNA. Thus, PACT functions to adjust the PKR activation threshold for long endogenous dsRNA without altering its inherent activity, revealing new mechanisms for establishing self-tolerance.

Dynamic oscillations in the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of key proliferative regulators are defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Resetting the cell cycle at the mitosis-to-G1 transition requires activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), which ensures cell cycle irreversibility by targeting dozens of substrates for degradation, safeguarding genome integrity. However, the overall coupling of substrate phosphorylation with target recognition and degradation by the APC/C remains relatively unexplored. As a paradigm for further defining these rules, we focused on E2F7 and E2F8, atypical E2F-family proteins that coordinate cell cycle gene expression by restraining the pro-proliferative transcriptional activity of E2F1. Leveraging complementary cell and cell-free systems, we demonstrate that flexible domains in the amino-termini of E2F7 and E2F8 contain APC/C recognition motifs adjacent to critical Thr residues, whose phosphorylation by Cdk1 is rate limiting for degradation. The removal of this phosphorylation by PP2A phosphatase serves as a molecular switch, coupling the degradation of E2F7 and E2F8 to the G1 phase, coinciding with the rise of E2F1. Collectively, these findings highlight a critical role for Cdk1-PP2A signaling in controlling the orderly degradation of APC/C substrates, ensuring precisely timed assembly of the transcriptional infrastructure that coordinates cell cycle commitment and progression.

The design of cathode/electrolyte interfaces in high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries is critical to protect the surface against undesirable oxygen release from the cathodes when batteries are charged to high voltage. However, the involvement of the engineered interface in the cationic and anionic redox reactions associated with (de‐)lithiation is often ignored, mostly due to the difficulty to separate these processes from chemical/catalytic reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Here, a new electron energy band diagrams concept is developed that includes the examination of the electrochemical‐ and ionization‐ potentials evolution upon batteries cycling. The approach enables to forecast the intrinsic stability of the cathodes and discriminate the reaction pathways associated with interfacial electronic charge‐transfer mechanisms. Specifically, light is shed on the evolution of cationic and anionic redox in high …

Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII Page 1 PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING Vol. 26 No. 44 Volume 13335 Proceedings of SPIE, 1605-7422, V. 13335 SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light. Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII Dror Fixler Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu Editors 26–28 January 2025 San Francisco, California, United States Sponsored by SPIE Cosponsored by Prizmatix Ltd. (Israel) Published by SPIE Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XXII, edited by Dror Fixler, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13335, 1333501 © 2025 SPIE · 1605-7422 · doi: 10.1117/12.3068103 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13335 1333501-1 Page 2 The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited …

Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII Page 1 PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING Vol. 26 No. 47 Volume 13338 Proceedings of SPIE, 1605-7422, V. 13338 SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light. Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII Amos Danielli Benjamin L. Miller Sharon M. Weiss Editors 25–27 January 2025 San Francisco, California, United States Sponsored and Published by SPIE Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII, edited by Amos Danielli, Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13338, 1333801 © 2025 SPIE · 1605-7422 · doi: 10.1117/12.3068117 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 13338 1333801-1 Page 2 The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected …

This research describes the development and thorough characterization of a novel, versatile, and biocompatible hybrid nanocarrier of the NO-releasing agent NOC-18, with a specific focus on optimizing the purification process. In this study, we focused on the sustained release of NO using the biocompatible and diagnostic hybrid magnetic nanoparticles (hMNPs) containing cerium-doped maghemite (CM) NPs, embedded within human serum albumin (HSA) protein. A comprehensive study was conducted using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) alongside the Griess assay to evaluate the NO release from the chosen NO donor NOC-18 and to assess the limitations of the molecule under various reaction conditions, identifying the optimal conditions for binding NOC-18 with minimal NO loss. Two types of particles were designed: In-hMNPs, where NOC-18 is encapsulated within the particles, and Out-hMNPs, where NOC-18 is attached onto the surface. Our results demonstrated that In-hMNPs provided a sustained and prolonged release of NO (half-life 50 h) compared to rapid release for the Out-hMNPs, likely due to the strong bonds formed with cerium, which helped stabilize the NO molecules. These results represent a promising approach to the design of the dual-function agent that combines the contrasting properties for tumor MRI with the possibility of increasing the permeability of tumor vasculature. Employment of such a dual-function agent in combination with nanotherapeutics may augment their efficacy by facilitating their access to the tumor.

Investigation of a dog's brain activity related to their outstanding olfactory capabilities has been a topic of interest among researchers. For this specific study, we identified three areas of the brain that have been shown in previous studies to be relevant during the process of smell discrimination in dogs: the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and amygdala. We set up a detection structure system based on laser and a camera to capture speckle patterns on the three regions in four dog breeds for smell stimuli: garlic, menthol, alcohol, and marijuana. The results were analyzed using an XGBoost model. Our analysis revealed that the amygdala plays a crucial role in scent differentiation. Our work offers insight into leveraging the features that characterize distinct scents in the canine brain, paving the way for developing a compact device that can interpret and translate a dog's olfactory perceptions for human understanding.

In recent years, the photovoltaic community has shown a growing interest in lead-free halides perovskites (HaPs), i.e., ABX3 where B ≠ Pb, A= monovalent cation and X=halide, as candidates to solve some of the issues inherent to their lead-based cousins. The gold HaP family (A2Au2X6, with mono- and tri-valent Au) is one such example and has been getting increasing attention from theoretical and experimental points of view. In particular, because of the mixed valence character of the gold species, the compounds are double perovskites, A2AuIAuIIIX6. We report a simple synthesis route to obtain inorganic gold HaP (Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, with X = I, Br, Cl) powders at low temperatures, and present thermodynamic constants associated with these materials. We confirm the structure of the compounds by XRD and Raman spectroscopy in accordance with the mixed valence character of the Au species. We report the …

The maintenance of a properly folded proteome is critical for cellular function and organismal health, and its age‐dependent collapse is associated with a wide range of diseases. Here, we find that despite the central role of Coenzyme A as a molecular cofactor in hundreds of cellular reactions, inhibition of the first and rate‐limiting step in CoA biosynthesis can be beneficial and promote proteostasis. Impairment of the cytosolic iron–sulfur cluster formation pathway, which depends on Coenzyme A, similarly promotes proteostasis and acts in the same pathway. Proteostasis improvement by interference with the Coenzyme A/iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathways is dependent on the conserved HLH‐30/TFEB transcription factor. Strikingly, under these conditions, HLH‐30 promotes proteostasis by potentiating the expression of select chaperone genes, providing a chaperone‐mediated proteostasis shield, rather …